Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Market risk is the risk of loss arising from adverse changes in market rates and prices, such as interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and commodity prices.

Interest Rate Risks

One of our primary exposures to market risk is interest rate risk associated with our debt facilities that bear interest based on floating rates. We attempt to manage interest rate risk by managing the mix of long-term fixed rate borrowings and variable rate borrowings, supplemented by hedging activities as believed by us to be appropriate. We cannot assure you that these risk management strategies will have the desired effect, and interest rate fluctuations could have a negative impact on our results of operations.

Interest Rate Sensitivity

As of September 30, 2023, approximately 25% of our long-term debt was based on variable rates. Based on our outstanding borrowings as of September 30, 2023, an assumed 100 basis point increase and decrease in the applicable variable rates would have caused our annual interest expense to change by $23.1 million.

In order to mitigate exposure to interest rate fluctuations on the Retail Term Loan, the Company entered into an interest rate collar with a notional value of $615.0 million. The interest rate collar establishes a range whereby the Company will pay the counterparty if one-month LIBOR falls below the established floor rate of 1.00%, and the counterparty will pay the Company if one-month LIBOR exceeds the ceiling rate of 3.75%, and as of the July 3, 2023 effective date of the Retail Term Loan Amendment, the Company pays the counterparty if one-month SOFR falls below the established floor rate of 1.00%, and the counterparty will pay the Company if one-month SOFR exceeds the ceiling rate of 3.67%.

Foreign Currency Risks

We expect most of the revenues and expenses for any casino that we operate in Macau will be denominated in Hong Kong dollars or Macau patacas; however, a significant portion of the debt issued by WML is denominated in U.S. dollars. Fluctuations in the exchange rates resulting in weakening of the Macau pataca or the Hong Kong dollar in relation to the U.S. dollar could have materially adverse effects on our results, financial condition and ability to service debt. Based on our balances as of September 30, 2023, an assumed 1% change in the U.S. dollar/Hong Kong dollar exchange rate would cause a foreign currency transaction gain/loss of $45.5 million.