filings.toolsItem 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
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Item 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a)(1) and (2) Financial Statements and Financial Statement Schedule
The financial statements and financial statement schedule required by this Item are included as a separate section in this annual report on Form 10-K beginning on page F-1.
| Page | |||||
| Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID: 00042) | F-1 | ||||
| Audited Consolidated Financial Statements of Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.: | |||||
| Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 | F-3 | ||||
| Consolidated Financial Statements for the Years Ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021: | |||||
| Consolidated Statements of Operations | F-4 | ||||
| Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income | F-5 | ||||
| Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity and Noncontrolling Interests | F-6 | ||||
| Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | F-8 | ||||
| Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | F-10 | ||||
| Schedule III – Consolidated Financial Statement Schedule of Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation | F-51 |
(a)(3) Exhibits
| Exhibit Number | Exhibit Title | Incorporated by Reference to: | Date Filed | |||||||||||||||||
| 10.28*(1) | Form of Indemnification Agreement between the Company and each of its directors and officers | Form 10-K | March 1, 2011 | |||||||||||||||||
| 14.1 | The Company’s Business Integrity Policy and Procedures for Reporting Non-Compliance (code of ethics pursuant to Item 406 of Regulation S-K) | N/A | Filed herewith | |||||||||||||||||
| 21.1 | List of Subsidiaries of the Company | N/A | Filed herewith | |||||||||||||||||
| 22.1 | List of Guarantor Subsidiaries of the Company | N/A | Filed herewith | |||||||||||||||||
| 23.1 | Consent of Ernst & Young LLP | N/A | Filed herewith | |||||||||||||||||
| 31.1 | Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | N/A | Filed herewith | |||||||||||||||||
| 31.2 | Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | N/A | Filed herewith | |||||||||||||||||
| 31.3 | Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | N/A | Filed herewith | |||||||||||||||||
| 32.0 | Certification of Principal Executive Officers and Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | N/A | Filed herewith | |||||||||||||||||
| 97.1(1) | Incentive Compensation Recoupment Policy | N/A | Filed herewith | |||||||||||||||||
| 101.1 | The following materials from the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the three months and year ended December 31, 2023, formatted in iXBRL (Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity and Noncontrolling Interests for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, and (vii) Schedule III — Consolidated Financial Statement Schedule of Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation of the Company. | N/A | Filed herewith | |||||||||||||||||
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document) | N/A | Filed herewith |
(*) Incorporated by reference.
(1) Management contract or compensatory arrangement.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this annual report on Form 10-K to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| ALEXANDRIA REAL ESTATE EQUITIES, INC. | |||||||||||
| Dated: | January 29, 2024 | By: | /s/ Joel S. Marcus | ||||||||
| Joel S. Marcus Executive Chairman (Principal Executive Officer) | |||||||||||
| /s/ Peter M. Moglia | |||||||||||
| Peter M. Moglia Chief Executive Officer and Chief Investment Officer (Principal Executive Officer) |
S-1
KNOW ALL THOSE BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Joel S. Marcus, as his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place, and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this annual report on Form 10-K, and to file the same, with exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, if any, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent of their substitute or substitutes may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this annual report on Form 10-K has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| Signature | Title | Date | ||||||||||||
| /s/ Joel S. Marcus | Executive Chairman (Principal Executive Officer) | January 29, 2024 | ||||||||||||
| Joel S. Marcus | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ Peter M. Moglia | Chief Executive Officer and Chief Investment Officer (Principal Executive Officer) | January 29, 2024 | ||||||||||||
| Peter M. Moglia | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ Marc E. Binda | Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (Principal Financial Officer) | January 29, 2024 | ||||||||||||
| Marc E. Binda | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ Andres R. Gavinet | Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer) | January 29, 2024 | ||||||||||||
| Andres R. Gavinet | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ Steven R. Hash | Lead Director | January 29, 2024 | ||||||||||||
| Steven R. Hash | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ James P. Cain | Director | January 29, 2024 | ||||||||||||
| James P. Cain | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ Cynthia L. Feldmann | Director | January 29, 2024 | ||||||||||||
| Cynthia L. Feldmann | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ Maria C. Freire | Director | January 29, 2024 | ||||||||||||
| Maria C. Freire | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ Richard H. Klein | Director | January 29, 2024 | ||||||||||||
| Richard H. Klein | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ Sheila K. McGrath | Director | January 29, 2024 | ||||||||||||
| Sheila K. McGrath | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ Michael A. Woronoff | Director | January 29, 2024 | ||||||||||||
| Michael A. Woronoff |
S-2
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc. (the Company) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity and noncontrolling interests and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15 (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework), and our report dated January 29, 2024 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
F-1
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Valuation of long-lived real estate assets
| Description of the Matter | As more fully disclosed in Notes 2 and 3 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company monitors its long-lived real estate assets for triggering events or impairment indicators. For long-lived real estate assets classified as held for sale, an impairment charge is recognized if the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its fair value less cost to sell. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized impairment charges totaling $461.1 million, of which $183.8 million was related to long-lived assets classified as held for sale as of December 31, 2023. Auditing the Company’s valuation of properties classified as held for sale as of December 31, 2023 is subjective due to the judgment used by management to estimate the fair values of the properties. | |||||||
| How we Addressed the Matter in Our Audit | Our audit procedures related to the valuation of long-lived real estate assets classified as held for sale included the following procedures, among others: We tested the design and operating effectiveness of controls over the Company’s process for estimating the fair values of long-lived real estate assets classified as held for sale. We tested the Company’s valuation of long-lived real estate assets classified as held for sale by comparing the estimated values to executed agreements with potential buyers, recent comparable sales transactions, and other external market data. Our internal valuation specialists assisted us in identifying the relevant transactions and market data. |
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1994.
Los Angeles, California
January 29, 2024
F-2
Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc. Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
| December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||
| Investments in real estate | $ | 31,633,511 | $ | 29,945,440 | |||||||
| Investments in unconsolidated real estate joint ventures | 37,780 | 38,435 | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | 618,190 | 825,193 | |||||||||
| Restricted cash | 42,581 | 32,782 | |||||||||
| Tenant receivables | 8,211 | 7,614 | |||||||||
| Deferred rent | 1,050,319 | 942,646 | |||||||||
| Deferred leasing costs | 509,398 | 516,275 | |||||||||
| Investments | 1,449,518 | 1,615,074 | |||||||||
| Other assets | 1,421,894 | 1,599,940 | |||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 36,771,402 | $ | 35,523,399 | |||||||
| Liabilities, Noncontrolling Interests, and Equity | |||||||||||
| Secured notes payable | $ | 119,662 | $ | 59,045 | |||||||
| Unsecured senior notes payable | 11,096,028 | 10,100,717 | |||||||||
| Unsecured senior line of credit and commercial paper | 99,952 | — | |||||||||
| Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities | 2,610,943 | 2,471,259 | |||||||||
| Dividends payable | 221,824 | 209,131 | |||||||||
| Total liabilities | 14,148,409 | 12,840,152 | |||||||||
| Commitments and contingencies | |||||||||||
| Redeemable noncontrolling interests | 16,480 | 9,612 | |||||||||
| Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s stockholders’ equity: | |||||||||||
| Common stock, $0.01 par value per share, 400,000,000 shares authorized as of December 31, 2023 and 2022; 171,910,599 and 170,748,395 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively | 1,719 | 1,707 | |||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | 18,485,352 | 18,991,492 | |||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (15,896) | (20,812) | |||||||||
| Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s stockholders’ equity | 18,471,175 | 18,972,387 | |||||||||
| Noncontrolling interests | 4,135,338 | 3,701,248 | |||||||||
| Total equity | 22,606,513 | 22,673,635 | |||||||||
| Total liabilities, noncontrolling interests, and equity | $ | 36,771,402 | $ | 35,523,399 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-3
Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| Revenues: | |||||||||||||||||
| Income from rentals | $ | 2,842,456 | $ | 2,576,040 | $ | 2,108,249 | |||||||||||
| Other income | 43,243 | 12,922 | 5,901 | ||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 2,885,699 | 2,588,962 | 2,114,150 | ||||||||||||||
| Expenses: | |||||||||||||||||
| Rental operations | 859,180 | 783,153 | 623,555 | ||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | 199,354 | 177,278 | 151,461 | ||||||||||||||
| Interest | 74,204 | 94,203 | 142,165 | ||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 1,093,473 | 1,002,146 | 821,061 | ||||||||||||||
| Impairment of real estate | 461,114 | 64,969 | 52,675 | ||||||||||||||
| Loss on early extinguishment of debt | — | 3,317 | 67,253 | ||||||||||||||
| Total expenses | 2,687,325 | 2,125,066 | 1,858,170 | ||||||||||||||
| Equity in earnings of unconsolidated real estate joint ventures | 980 | 645 | 12,255 | ||||||||||||||
| Investment (loss) income | (195,397) | (331,758) | 259,477 | ||||||||||||||
| Gain on sales of real estate | 277,037 | 537,918 | 126,570 | ||||||||||||||
| Net income | 280,994 | 670,701 | 654,282 | ||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (177,355) | (149,041) | (83,035) | ||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s stockholders | 103,639 | 521,660 | 571,247 | ||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to unvested restricted stock awards | (11,195) | (8,392) | (7,848) | ||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders | $ | 92,444 | $ | 513,268 | $ | 563,399 | |||||||||||
| Net income per share attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders: | |||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | 0.54 | $ | 3.18 | $ | 3.83 | |||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | 0.54 | $ | 3.18 | $ | 3.82 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-4
Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(In thousands)
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 280,994 | $ | 670,701 | $ | 654,282 | |||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) | |||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized gains (losses) on foreign currency translation: | |||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized foreign currency translation gains (losses) arising during the period | 4,916 | (13,518) | (669) | ||||||||||||||
| Unrealized gains (losses) on foreign currency translation, net | 4,916 | (13,518) | (669) | ||||||||||||||
| Total other comprehensive income (loss) | 4,916 | (13,518) | (669) | ||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income | 285,910 | 657,183 | 653,613 | ||||||||||||||
| Less: comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (177,355) | (149,041) | (83,035) | ||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s stockholders | $ | 108,555 | $ | 508,142 | $ | 570,578 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-5
Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity and Noncontrolling Interests
(Dollars in thousands)
| Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s Stockholders’ Equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Number of Common Shares | Common Stock | Additional Paid-In Capital | Retained Earnings | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | Noncontrolling Interests | Total Equity | Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2020 | 136,690,329 | $ | 1,367 | $ | 11,730,970 | $ | — | $ | (6,625) | $ | 1,706,724 | $ | 13,432,436 | $ | 11,342 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | 571,247 | — | 82,169 | 653,416 | 866 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total other comprehensive loss | — | — | — | — | (669) | — | (669) | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Contributions from and sales of noncontrolling interests | — | — | 989,393 | — | — | 1,157,668 | 2,147,061 | 282 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distributions to and redemption of noncontrolling interests | — | — | — | — | — | (112,465) | (112,465) | (2,878) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock | 20,827,052 | 208 | 3,528,889 | — | — | — | 3,529,097 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance pursuant to stock plan | 709,737 | 7 | 97,926 | — | — | — | 97,933 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxes related to net settlement of equity awards | (183,238) | (2) | (34,336) | — | — | — | (34,338) | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends declared on common stock ($4.48 per share) | — | — | — | (688,833) | — | — | (688,833) | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reclassification of distributions in excess of earnings | — | — | (117,586) | 117,586 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2021 | 158,043,880 | 1,580 | 16,195,256 | — | (7,294) | 2,834,096 | 19,023,638 | 9,612 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | 521,660 | — | 148,236 | 669,896 | 805 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total other comprehensive loss | — | — | — | — | (13,518) | — | (13,518) | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Contributions from and sales of noncontrolling interests | — | — | 649,623 | — | — | 910,506 | 1,560,129 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distributions to and redemption of noncontrolling interests | — | — | (111) | — | — | (191,590) | (191,701) | (805) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock | 12,250,645 | 123 | 2,346,321 | — | — | — | 2,346,444 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance pursuant to stock plan | 749,101 | 7 | 109,217 | — | — | — | 109,224 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxes related to net settlement of equity awards | (295,231) | (3) | (47,448) | — | — | — | (47,451) | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends declared on common stock ($4.72 per share) | — | — | — | (783,026) | — | — | (783,026) | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reclassification of distributions in excess of earnings | — | — | (261,366) | 261,366 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2022 | 170,748,395 | $ | 1,707 | $ | 18,991,492 | $ | — | $ | (20,812) | $ | 3,701,248 | $ | 22,673,635 | $ | 9,612 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-6
Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity and Noncontrolling Interests (continued)
(Dollars in thousands)
| Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s Stockholders’ Equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Number of Common Shares | Common Stock | Additional Paid-In Capital | Retained Earnings | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | Noncontrolling Interests | Total Equity | Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2022 | 170,748,395 | $ | 1,707 | $ | 18,991,492 | $ | — | $ | (20,812) | $ | 3,701,248 | $ | 22,673,635 | $ | 9,612 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | 103,639 | — | 176,431 | 280,070 | 924 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total other comprehensive income | — | — | — | — | 4,916 | — | 4,916 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Contributions from and sales of noncontrolling interests | — | — | 33,896 | — | — | 508,693 | 542,589 | 35,250 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distributions to and redemption of noncontrolling interests | — | — | — | — | — | (243,268) | (243,268) | (37,072) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transfer of noncontrolling interests | — | — | — | — | — | (7,766) | (7,766) | 7,766 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock | 699,274 | 7 | 103,839 | — | — | — | 103,846 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance pursuant to stock plan | 798,729 | 8 | 156,257 | — | — | — | 156,265 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxes related to net settlement of equity awards | (335,799) | (3) | (43,595) | — | — | — | (43,598) | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends declared on common stock ($4.96 per share) | — | — | — | (860,176) | — | — | (860,176) | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reclassification of distributions in excess of earnings | — | — | (756,537) | 756,537 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2023 | 171,910,599 | $ | 1,719 | $ | 18,485,352 | $ | — | $ | (15,896) | $ | 4,135,338 | $ | 22,606,513 | $ | 16,480 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-7
| Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc. Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| Operating Activities | |||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 280,994 | $ | 670,701 | $ | 654,282 | |||||||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 1,093,473 | 1,002,146 | 821,061 | ||||||||||||||
| Impairment of real estate | 461,114 | 64,969 | 52,675 | ||||||||||||||
| Gain on sales of real estate | (277,037) | (537,918) | (126,570) | ||||||||||||||
| Loss on early extinguishment of debt | — | 3,317 | 67,253 | ||||||||||||||
| Equity in earnings of unconsolidated real estate joint ventures | (980) | (645) | (12,255) | ||||||||||||||
| Distributions of earnings from unconsolidated real estate joint ventures | 3,257 | 3,374 | 20,350 | ||||||||||||||
| Amortization of loan fees | 15,486 | 13,549 | 11,441 | ||||||||||||||
| Amortization of debt discounts (premiums) | 1,207 | 384 | (2,041) | ||||||||||||||
| Amortization of acquired above- and below-market leases | (93,331) | (74,346) | (54,780) | ||||||||||||||
| Deferred rent | (133,917) | (118,003) | (115,145) | ||||||||||||||
| Stock compensation expense | 82,858 | 57,740 | 48,669 | ||||||||||||||
| Investment loss (income) | 195,397 | 331,758 | (259,477) | ||||||||||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Tenant receivables | (102) | (273) | (44) | ||||||||||||||
| Deferred leasing costs | (109,339) | (181,322) | (131,560) | ||||||||||||||
| Other assets | 798 | (18,960) | (24,591) | ||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities | 110,672 | 77,850 | 60,929 | ||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | 1,630,550 | 1,294,321 | 1,010,197 | ||||||||||||||
| Investing Activities | |||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from sales of real estate | 1,195,743 | 994,331 | 190,576 | ||||||||||||||
| Additions to real estate | (3,418,296) | (3,307,313) | (2,089,849) | ||||||||||||||
| Purchases of real estate | (265,750) | (2,877,861) | (5,434,652) | ||||||||||||||
| Change in escrow deposits | (5,582) | 155,968 | (161,696) | ||||||||||||||
| Sales of interest in unconsolidated real estate joint ventures | — | — | 394,952 | ||||||||||||||
| Acquisitions of interest in unconsolidated real estate joint venture | — | — | (9,048) | ||||||||||||||
| Investments in unconsolidated real estate joint ventures | (658) | (1,442) | (13,666) | ||||||||||||||
| Return of capital from unconsolidated real estate joint ventures | — | 471 | — | ||||||||||||||
| Additions to non-real estate investments | (189,472) | (242,932) | (408,564) | ||||||||||||||
| Sales of and distributions from non-real estate investments | 183,396 | 198,320 | 424,623 | ||||||||||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | $ | (2,500,619) | $ | (5,080,458) | $ | (7,107,324) | |||||||||||
| The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. |
F-8
| Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc. Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| Financing Activities | |||||||||||||||||
| Borrowings under secured notes payable | $ | 59,957 | $ | 49,715 | $ | 10,005 | |||||||||||
| Repayments of borrowings under secured notes payable | (30) | (934) | (17,979) | ||||||||||||||
| Payment for the defeasance of secured note payable | — | (198,304) | — | ||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from issuances of unsecured senior notes payable | 996,205 | 1,793,318 | 1,743,716 | ||||||||||||||
| Repayments of unsecured senior notes payable | — | — | (650,000) | ||||||||||||||
| Borrowings under unsecured senior line of credit | 1,245,000 | 1,181,000 | 3,521,000 | ||||||||||||||
| Repayments of borrowings under unsecured senior line of credit | (1,245,000) | (1,181,000) | (3,521,000) | ||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance under commercial paper program | 9,234,000 | 14,641,500 | 30,951,300 | ||||||||||||||
| Repayments of borrowings under commercial paper program | (9,134,000) | (14,911,500) | (30,781,300) | ||||||||||||||
| Premium paid for early extinguishment of debt | — | — | (66,829) | ||||||||||||||
| Payments of loan fees | (16,047) | (35,612) | (18,938) | ||||||||||||||
| Taxes paid related to net settlement of equity awards | (24,592) | (47,289) | (34,338) | ||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of common stock | 103,846 | 2,346,444 | 3,529,097 | ||||||||||||||
| Dividends on common stock | (847,483) | (757,742) | (655,968) | ||||||||||||||
| Contributions from and sales of noncontrolling interests | 547,391 | 1,542,347 | 2,026,486 | ||||||||||||||
| Distributions to and purchases of noncontrolling interests | (245,091) | (192,171) | (118,891) | ||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | 674,156 | 4,229,772 | 5,916,361 | ||||||||||||||
| Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | (1,291) | (887) | (1,712) | ||||||||||||||
| Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | (197,204) | 442,748 | (182,478) | ||||||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash as of the beginning of period | 857,975 | 415,227 | 597,705 | ||||||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash as of the end of period | $ | 660,771 | $ | 857,975 | $ | 415,227 | |||||||||||
| Supplemental Disclosure and Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash paid during the period for interest, net of interest capitalized | $ | 46,583 | $ | 63,193 | $ | 139,471 | |||||||||||
| Accrued construction for current-period additions to real estate | $ | 629,351 | $ | 561,538 | $ | 474,751 | |||||||||||
| Contribution of assets from real estate joint venture partner | $ | 33,250 | $ | 19,146 | $ | 118,750 | |||||||||||
| Issuance of noncontrolling interest to joint venture partner | $ | (33,250) | $ | (19,146) | $ | (118,750) | |||||||||||
| Transfer of real estate assets from tenants | $ | 31,310 | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||||
| Payable for purchase of noncontrolling interest | $ | (35,250) | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||||
| Right-of-use asset | $ | — | $ | 21,776 | $ | 103,860 | |||||||||||
| Lease liability | $ | — | $ | (21,776) | $ | (103,860) | |||||||||||
| Consolidation of real estate assets in connection with our acquisition of partner’s interest in unconsolidated real estate joint venture | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 19,613 | |||||||||||
| Assumption of secured note payable in connection with acquisition of partner’s interest in unconsolidated real estate joint venture | $ | — | $ | — | $ | (14,558) | |||||||||||
| Deferred purchase price in connection with acquisitions of real estate | $ | — | $ | — | $ | (81,119) | |||||||||||
| Assignment of secured notes payable in connection with sale of real estate | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 28,200 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-9
Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
1. ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION
Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc. (NYSE: ARE), an S&P 500® life science REIT, is the pioneer of the life science real estate niche since its founding in 1994. Alexandria is the preeminent and longest-tenured owner, operator, and developer of collaborative life science, agtech, and advanced technology mega campuses in AAA innovation cluster locations, including Greater Boston, the San Francisco Bay Area, New York City, San Diego, Seattle, Maryland, and Research Triangle. Alexandria has a total market capitalization of $33.1 billion and an asset base in North America of 73.5 million SF as of December 31, 2023. As used in this annual report on Form 10-K, references to the “Company,” “Alexandria,” “ARE,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.
Any references to our total market capitalization, number or quality of buildings or tenants, quality of location, square footage, number of leases, or occupancy percentage, and any amounts derived from these values in these notes to consolidated financial statements are outside the scope of our independent registered public accounting firm’s procedures.
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Consolidation
On an ongoing basis, as circumstances indicate the need for reconsideration, we evaluate each legal entity that is not wholly owned by us in accordance with the consolidation accounting guidance. Our evaluation considers all of our variable interests, including equity ownership, as well as fees paid to us for our involvement in the management of each partially owned entity. To fall within the scope of the consolidation guidance, an entity must meet both of the following criteria:
-
The entity has a legal structure that has been established to conduct business activities and to hold assets; such entity can be in the form of a partnership, limited liability company, or corporation, among others; and
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We have a variable interest in the legal entity — i.e., variable interests that are contractual, such as equity ownership, or other financial interests that change with changes in the fair value of the entity’s net assets.
If an entity does not meet both criteria above, we apply other accounting literature, such as the cost or equity method of accounting. If an entity does meet both criteria above, we evaluate such entity for consolidation under either the variable interest model if the legal entity meets any of the following characteristics to qualify as a VIE, or under the voting model for all other legal entities that are not VIEs.
A legal entity is determined to be a VIE if it has any of the following three characteristics:
1)The entity does not have sufficient equity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support;
2)The entity is established with non-substantive voting rights (i.e., the entity deprives the majority economic interest holder(s) of voting rights); or
3)The equity holders, as a group, lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest. Equity holders meet this criterion if they lack any of the following:
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The power, through voting rights or similar rights, to direct the activities of the entity that most significantly influence the entity’s economic performance, as evidenced by:
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Substantive participating rights in day-to-day management of the entity’s activities; or
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Substantive kick-out rights over the party responsible for significant decisions;
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The obligation to absorb the entity’s expected losses; or
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The right to receive the entity’s expected residual returns.
Our real estate joint ventures consist of limited partnerships or limited liability companies. For an entity structured as a limited partnership or a limited liability company, our evaluation of whether the equity holders (equity partners other than the general partner or the managing member of a joint venture) lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest includes the evaluation of whether the limited partners or non-managing members (the noncontrolling equity holders) lack both substantive participating rights and substantive kick-out rights, defined as follows:
-
Participating rights provide the noncontrolling equity holders the ability to direct significant financial and operating decisions made in the ordinary course of business that most significantly influence the entity’s economic performance.
-
Kick-out rights allow the noncontrolling equity holders to remove the general partner or managing member without cause.
F-10
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
If we conclude that any of the three characteristics of a VIE are met, including that the equity holders lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest because they lack both substantive participating rights and substantive kick-out rights, we conclude that the entity is a VIE and evaluate it for consolidation under the variable interest model.
Variable interest model
If an entity is determined to be a VIE, we evaluate whether we are the primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary analysis is a qualitative analysis based on power and benefits. We consolidate a VIE if we have both power and benefits — that is, (i) we have the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly influence the VIE’s economic performance (power) and (ii) we have the obligation to absorb losses of or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE (benefits). We consolidate VIEs whenever we determine that we are the primary beneficiary. Refer to Note 4 – “Consolidated and unconsolidated real estate joint ventures” to our consolidated financial statements for information on specific joint ventures that qualify as VIEs. If we have a variable interest in a VIE but are not the primary beneficiary, we account for our investment using the equity method.
Voting model
If a legal entity fails to meet any of the three characteristics of a VIE (i.e., insufficiency of equity, existence of non-substantive voting rights, or lack of a controlling financial interest), we then evaluate such entity under the voting model. Under the voting model, we consolidate the entity if we determine that we, directly or indirectly, have greater than 50% of the voting shares and that other equity holders do not have substantive participating rights.
Refer to Note 4 – “Consolidated and unconsolidated real estate joint ventures” to our consolidated financial statements for information on specific joint ventures that qualify for evaluation under the voting model.
Use of estimates
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, and equity; the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements; and the amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates.
Reportable segment
We are engaged in the business of providing space for lease to life science, agtech, and technology tenants. Our properties are similar in that they provide space for lease to the aforementioned industries, consist of improvements that are generic and reusable, are primarily located in AAA innovation cluster locations, and have similar economic characteristics. Our chief operating decision makers, represented by our Executive Chairman and our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Investment Officer, review financial information for our entire consolidated operations when making decisions related to assessing our operating performance, and review financial information for our individual properties when determining how to allocate resources related to capital expenditures. We have aggregated the properties into one reportable segment as the properties share similar long-term economic characteristics and have other similarities, including the fact that they are operated using consistent business strategies, are typically located in major metropolitan areas, and have similar tenant mixes. The financial information disclosed herein represents all of the financial information related to our one reportable segment.
Investments in real estate
Evaluation of business combination or asset acquisition
We evaluate each acquisition of real estate or in-substance real estate (including equity interests in entities that predominantly hold real estate assets) to determine whether the integrated set of assets and activities acquired meets the definition of a business and needs to be accounted for as a business combination. An acquisition of an integrated set of assets and activities that does not meet the definition of a business is accounted for as an asset acquisition. If either of the following criteria is met, the integrated set of assets and activities acquired would not qualify as a business:
-
Substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in either a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets; or
-
The integrated set of assets and activities is lacking, at a minimum, an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create outputs (i.e., revenue generated before and after the transaction).
F-11
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
An acquired process is considered substantive if:
-
The process includes an organized workforce (or includes an acquired contract that provides access to an organized workforce) that is skilled, knowledgeable, and experienced in performing the process;
-
The process cannot be replaced without significant cost, effort, or delay; or
-
The process is considered unique or scarce.
Generally, our acquisitions of real estate or in-substance real estate do not meet the definition of a business because substantially all of the fair value is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets (i.e., land, buildings, and related intangible assets) or because the acquisition does not include a substantive process in the form of an acquired workforce or an acquired contract that cannot be replaced without significant cost, effort, or delay. When evaluating acquired service or management contracts, we consider the nature of the services performed, the terms of the contract relative to similar arm’s-length contracts, and the availability of comparable vendors in evaluating whether the acquired contract constitutes a substantive process.
Recognition of real estate acquired
We evaluate each acquisition of real estate or in-substance real estate (including equity interests in entities that predominantly hold real estate assets) to determine whether the integrated set of assets and activities acquired meets the definition of a business and needs to be accounted for as a business combination. An acquisition of an integrated set of assets and activities that does not meet the definition of a business is accounted for as an asset acquisition.
For acquisitions of real estate or in-substance real estate that are accounted for as business combinations, we allocate the acquisition consideration (excluding acquisition costs) to the assets acquired, liabilities assumed, noncontrolling interests, and previously existing ownership interests at fair value as of the acquisition date. Assets include intangible assets such as tenant relationships, acquired in-place leases, and favorable intangibles associated with in-place leases in which we are the lessor. Liabilities include unfavorable intangibles associated with in-place leases in which we are the lessor. In addition, for acquired in-place finance or operating leases in which we are the lessee, acquisition consideration is allocated to lease liabilities and related right-of-use assets, adjusted to reflect favorable or unfavorable terms of the lease when compared with market terms. Any excess (deficit) of the consideration transferred relative to the fair value of the net assets acquired is accounted for as goodwill (bargain purchase gain). Acquisition costs related to business combinations are expensed as incurred.
Generally, we expect that acquisitions of real estate or in-substance real estate will not meet the definition of a business because substantially all of the fair value is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets (i.e., land, buildings, and related intangible assets). The accounting model for asset acquisitions is similar to the accounting model for business combinations, except that the acquisition consideration (including acquisition costs) is allocated to the individual assets acquired and liabilities assumed on a relative fair value basis. Any excess (deficit) of the consideration transferred relative to the sum of the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed is allocated to the individual assets and liabilities based on their relative fair values. As a result, asset acquisitions do not result in the recognition of goodwill or a bargain purchase gain. Incremental and external direct acquisition costs related to acquisitions of real estate or in-substance real estate (such as legal and other third-party services) are capitalized.
We exercise judgment to determine the key assumptions used to allocate the purchase price of real estate acquired among its components. The allocation of the consideration to the various components of properties acquired during the year can have an effect on our net income due to the useful depreciable and amortizable lives applicable to each component and the recognition of the related depreciation and amortization expense in our consolidated statements of operations. We apply judgment in utilizing available comparable market information to assess relative fair value. We assess the relative fair values of tangible and intangible assets and liabilities based on available comparable market information, including estimated replacement costs, rental rates, and recent market transactions. In addition, we may use estimated cash flow projections that utilize appropriate discount and capitalization rates. Estimates of future cash flows are based on a number of factors, including the historical operating results, known and anticipated trends, and market/economic conditions that may affect the property.
The value of tangible assets acquired is based upon our estimation of fair value on an “as if vacant” basis. The value of acquired in-place leases includes the estimated costs during the hypothetical lease-up period and other costs that would have been incurred in the execution of similar leases under the market conditions at the acquisition date of the acquired in-place lease. If there is a bargain fixed-rate renewal option for the period beyond the noncancelable lease term of an in-place lease, we evaluate intangible factors, such as the business conditions in the industry in which the lessee operates, the economic conditions in the area in which the property is located, and the ability of the lessee to sublease the property during the renewal term, in order to determine the likelihood that the lessee will renew. When we determine that there is reasonable assurance that such bargain purchase option will be exercised, we consider the option in determining the intangible value of such lease and its related amortization period. We also recognize the relative fair values of assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, and any noncontrolling interest in acquisitions of less than a 100% interest when the acquisition constitutes a change in control of the acquired entity.
F-12
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
Depreciation and amortization
The values allocated to buildings and building improvements, land improvements, tenant improvements, and equipment are depreciated on a straight-line basis. For buildings and building improvements, we depreciate using the shorter of the respective ground lease terms or their estimated useful lives, not to exceed 40 years. Land improvements are depreciated over their estimated useful lives, not to exceed 20 years. Tenant improvements are depreciated over their respective lease terms or estimated useful lives, and equipment is depreciated over the shorter of the lease term or its estimated useful life. The values of the right-of-use assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over the remaining terms of each related lease. The values of acquired in-place leases and associated favorable intangibles (i.e., acquired above-market leases) are classified in other assets in our consolidated balance sheets and are amortized over the remaining terms of the related leases as a reduction of income from rentals in our consolidated statements of operations. The values of unfavorable intangibles (i.e., acquired below-market leases) associated with acquired in-place leases are classified in accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets and are amortized over the remaining terms of the related leases as an increase in income from rentals in our consolidated statements of operations.
Capitalized project costs
We capitalize project costs, including pre-construction costs, interest, property taxes, insurance, and other costs directly related and essential to the development, redevelopment, pre-construction, or construction of a project. Capitalization of development, redevelopment, pre-construction, and construction costs is required while activities are ongoing to prepare an asset for its intended use. Fluctuations in our development, redevelopment, pre-construction, and construction activities could result in significant changes to total expenses and net income. Costs incurred after a project is substantially complete and ready for its intended use are expensed as incurred. Should development, redevelopment, pre-construction, or construction activity cease, interest, property taxes, insurance, and certain other costs would no longer be eligible for capitalization and would be expensed as incurred. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred.
Real estate sales
A property is classified as held for sale when all of the following criteria for a plan of sale have been met: (i) management, having the authority to approve the action, commits to a plan to sell the property; (ii) the property is available for immediate sale in its present condition, subject only to terms that are usual and customary; (iii) an active program to locate a buyer and other actions required to complete the plan to sell have been initiated; (iv) the sale of the property is probable and is expected to be completed within one year; (v) the property is being actively marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair value; and (vi) actions necessary to complete the plan of sale indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan will be made or that the plan will be withdrawn. Depreciation of assets ceases upon designation of a property as held for sale. For additional details, refer to Note 18 – “Assets classified as held for sale” to our consolidated financial statements.
If the disposal of a property represents a strategic shift that has (or will have) a major effect on our operations or financial results, such as (i) a major line of business, (ii) a major geographic area, (iii) a major equity method investment, or (iv) other major parts of an entity, then the operations of the property, including any interest expense directly attributable to it, are classified as discontinued operations in our consolidated statements of operations, and amounts for all prior periods presented are reclassified from continuing operations to discontinued operations. The disposal of an individual property generally will not represent a strategic shift and therefore will typically not meet the criteria for classification as a discontinued operation.
We recognize gains or losses on real estate sales in accordance with the accounting standard on the derecognition of nonfinancial assets arising from contracts with noncustomers. Our ordinary output activities consist of the leasing of space to our tenants in our operating properties, not the sales of real estate. Therefore, sales of real estate (in which we are the seller) qualify as contracts with noncustomers. In our transactions with noncustomers, we apply certain recognition and measurement principles consistent with our method of recognizing revenue arising from contracts with customers. Derecognition of the asset is based on the transfer of control. If a real estate sales contract includes our ongoing involvement with the property, then we evaluate each promised good or service under the contract to determine whether it represents a separate performance obligation, constitutes a guarantee, or prevents the transfer of control. If a good or service is considered a separate performance obligation, an allocated portion of the transaction price is recognized as revenue as we transfer the related good or service to the buyer.
The recognition of gain or loss on the sale of a partial interest also depends on whether we retain a controlling or noncontrolling interest in the property. If we retain a controlling interest in the property upon completion of the sale, we continue to reflect the asset at its book value, record a noncontrolling interest for the book value of the partial interest sold, and recognize additional paid-in capital for the difference between the consideration received and the partial interest at book value. Conversely, if we retain a noncontrolling interest upon completion of the sale of a partial interest of real estate, we recognize a gain or loss as if 100% of the asset were sold.
F-13
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
Impairment of long-lived assets
Prior to and subsequent to the end of each quarter, we review current activities and changes in the business conditions of all of our long-lived assets to determine the existence of any triggering events or impairment indicators requiring an impairment analysis. If triggering events or impairment indicators are identified, we review an estimate of the future undiscounted cash flows, including, if necessary, a probability-weighted approach if multiple outcomes are under consideration.
Long-lived assets to be held and used, including our rental properties, CIP, land held for development, right-of-use assets related to operating leases in which we are the lessee, and intangibles, are individually evaluated for impairment when conditions exist that may indicate that the carrying amount of a long-lived asset may not be recoverable. The carrying amount of a long-lived asset to be held and used is not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset. Triggering events or impairment indicators for long-lived assets to be held and used are assessed by project and include significant fluctuations in estimated net operating income, occupancy changes, significant near-term lease expirations, current and historical operating and/or cash flow losses, construction costs, estimated completion dates, rental rates, and other market factors. We assess the expected undiscounted cash flows based upon numerous factors, including, but not limited to, construction costs, available market information, current and historical operating results, known trends, current market/economic conditions that may affect the asset, and our assumptions about the use of the asset, including, if necessary, a probability-weighted approach if multiple outcomes are under consideration.
Upon determination that an impairment has occurred, a write-down is recognized to reduce the carrying amount of the asset to its estimated fair value. If an impairment charge is not required to be recognized, the recognition of depreciation or amortization is adjusted prospectively, as necessary, to reduce the carrying amount of the asset to its estimated disposition value over the remaining period that the asset is expected to be held and used. We may adjust depreciation of properties that are expected to be disposed of or redeveloped prior to the end of their useful lives.
We use the held for sale impairment model for our properties classified as held for sale, which is different from the held and used impairment model. Under the held for sale impairment model, an impairment charge is recognized if the carrying amount of the long-lived asset classified as held for sale exceeds its fair value less cost to sell. Because of these two different models, it is possible for a long-lived asset previously classified as held and used to require the recognition of an impairment charge upon classification as held for sale.
International operations
In addition to operating properties in the U.S., we have 12 properties in Canada. The functional currency for our subsidiaries operating in the U.S. is the U.S. dollar. The local currency of a foreign subsidiary serves as its functional currency. The assets and liabilities of our foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at the exchange rate in effect as of the financial statement date. Revenue and expense accounts of our foreign subsidiaries are translated using the weighted-average exchange rate for the periods presented. Gains or losses resulting from the translation are classified in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as a separate component of total equity and are excluded from net income (loss).
Whenever a foreign investment meets the criteria for classification as held for sale, we evaluate the recoverability of the investment under the held for sale impairment model. We may recognize an impairment charge if the carrying amount of the investment exceeds its fair value less cost to sell. In determining an investment’s carrying amount, we consider its net book value and any cumulative unrealized foreign currency translation adjustment related to the investment.
The appropriate amounts of foreign exchange rate gains or losses classified in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) are reclassified to net income (loss) when realized upon the sale of our investment or upon the complete or substantially complete liquidation of our investment.
F-14
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
Investments
We hold investments in publicly traded companies and privately held entities primarily involved in the life science, agtech, and technology industries. As a REIT, we generally limit our ownership of each individual entity’s voting stock to less than 10%. We evaluate each investment to determine whether we have the ability to exercise significant influence, but not control, over an investee. We evaluate investments in which our ownership is equal to or greater than 20%, but less than or equal to 50%, of an investee’s voting stock with a presumption that we have this ability. For our investments in limited partnerships that maintain specific ownership accounts, we presume that such ability exists when our ownership interest exceeds 3% to 5%. In addition to our ownership interest, we consider whether we have a board seat or whether we participate in the investee’s policymaking process, among other criteria, to determine if we have the ability to exert significant influence, but not control, over an investee. If we determine that we have such ability, we account for the investment under the equity method, as described below.
Investments accounted for under the equity method
Under the equity method of accounting, we initially recognize our investment at cost and subsequently adjust the carrying amount of the investment for our share of earnings or losses reported by the investee, distributions received, and other-than-temporary impairments. For more information about our investments accounted for under the equity method, refer to Note 7 – “Investments” to our consolidated financial statements.
Investments that do not qualify for the equity method of accounting
For investees over which we determine that we do not have the ability to exercise significant influence or control, we account for each investment depending on whether it is an investment in a (i) publicly traded company, (ii) privately held entity that reports NAV per share, or (iii) privately held entity that does not report NAV per share, as described below.
Investments in publicly traded companies
Our investments in publicly traded companies are classified as investments with readily determinable fair values and are presented at fair value in our consolidated balance sheets, with changes in fair value classified in investment income (loss) in our consolidated statements of operations. The fair values for our investments in publicly traded companies are determined based on sales prices or quotes available on securities exchanges.
Investments in privately held companies
Our investments in privately held entities without readily determinable fair values consist of (i) investments in privately held entities that report NAV per share and (ii) investments in privately held entities that do not report NAV per share. These investments are accounted for as follows:
Investments in privately held entities that report NAV per share
Investments in privately held entities that report NAV per share, such as our privately held investments in limited partnerships, are presented at fair value using NAV as a practical expedient, with changes in fair value classified in investment income (loss) in our consolidated statements of operations. We use NAV per share reported by limited partnerships generally without adjustment, unless we are aware of information indicating that the NAV reported by a limited partnership does not accurately reflect the fair value of the investment at our reporting date.
Investments in privately held entities that do not report NAV per share
Investments in privately held entities that do not report NAV per share are accounted for using a measurement alternative, under which these investments are measured at cost, adjusted for observable price changes and impairments, with changes classified in investment income (loss) in our consolidated statements of operations.
An observable price arises from an orderly transaction for an identical or similar investment of the same issuer, which is observed by an investor without expending undue cost and effort. Observable price changes result from, among other things, equity transactions of the same issuer executed during the reporting period, including subsequent equity offerings or other reported equity transactions related to the same issuer. To determine whether these transactions are indicative of an observable price change, we evaluate, among other factors, whether these transactions have similar rights and obligations, including voting rights, distribution preferences, and conversion rights to the investments we hold.
F-15
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
Impairment evaluation of equity method investments and investments in privately held entities that do not report NAV per share
We monitor equity method investments and investments in privately held entities that do not report NAV per share for new developments, including operating results, prospects and results of clinical trials, new product initiatives, new collaborative agreements, capital-raising events, and merger and acquisition activities. These investments are evaluated on the basis of a qualitative assessment for indicators of impairment by monitoring the presence of the following triggering events or impairment indicators:
(i)a significant deterioration in the earnings performance, credit rating, asset quality, or business prospects of the investee;
(ii)a significant adverse change in the regulatory, economic, or technological environment of the investee;
(iii)a significant adverse change in the general market condition, including the research and development of technology and products that the investee is bringing or attempting to bring to the market;
(iv)significant concerns about the investee’s ability to continue as a going concern; and/or
(v)a decision by investors to cease providing support or reduce their financial commitment to the investee.
If such indicators are present, we are required to estimate the investment’s fair value and immediately recognize an impairment charge in an amount equal to the investment’s carrying value in excess of its estimated fair value.
Investment income/loss recognition and classification
We recognize both realized and unrealized gains and losses in our consolidated statements of operations, classified in investment income (loss) in our consolidated statements of operations. Unrealized gains and losses represent:
(i)changes in fair value for investments in publicly traded companies;
(ii)changes in NAV for investments in privately held entities that report NAV per share;
(iii)observable price changes for investments in privately held entities that do not report NAV per share; and
(iv)our share of unrealized gains or losses reported by our equity method investees.
Realized gains and losses on our investments represent the difference between proceeds received upon disposition of investments and their historical or adjusted cost basis. For our equity method investments, realized gains and losses represent our share of realized gains or losses reported by the investee. Impairments are realized losses, which result in an adjusted cost basis, and represent charges to reduce the carrying values of investments in privately held entities that do not report NAV per share and equity method investments, if impairments are deemed other than temporary, to their estimated fair value.
Revenues
The table below provides details of our consolidated total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 (in thousands):
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Income from rentals: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues subject to the lease accounting standard: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating leases | $ | 2,802,567 | $ | 2,534,862 | $ | 2,081,362 | ||||||||||||||
| Direct financing and sales-type leases(1) | 2,608 | 3,094 | 3,489 | |||||||||||||||||
| Revenues subject to the lease accounting standard | 2,805,175 | 2,537,956 | 2,084,851 | |||||||||||||||||
| Revenues subject to the revenue recognition accounting standard | 37,281 | 38,084 | 23,398 | |||||||||||||||||
| Income from rentals | 2,842,456 | 2,576,040 | 2,108,249 | |||||||||||||||||
| Other income | 43,243 | 12,922 | 5,901 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | $ | 2,885,699 | $ | 2,588,962 | $ | 2,114,150 |
(1)We completed the sale of our real estate assets subject to sales-type leases in May 2022 and have had no sales-type leases since then.
During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, revenues that were subject to the lease accounting standard aggregated $2.8 billion or 97.2%, $2.5 billion or 98.0%, and $2.1 billion or 98.6% of our total revenues, respectively. Our other income consisted primarily of management fees and interest income earned during each year presented. For a detailed discussion related to our revenue streams, refer to the “Lease accounting” subsection and the “Recognition of revenue arising from contracts with customers” section within this Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements.
F-16
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
Lease accounting
Definition and classification of a lease
When we enter into a contract or amend an existing contract, we evaluate whether the contract meets the definition of a lease. To meet the definition of a lease, the contract must meet all three criteria:
(i)One party (lessor) must hold an identified asset;
(ii)The counterparty (lessee) must have the right to obtain substantially all of the economic benefits from the use of the asset throughout the period of the contract; and
(iii)The counterparty (lessee) must have the right to direct the use of the identified asset throughout the period of the contract.
We classify our leases as either finance leases or operating leases if we are the lessee, or sales-type, direct financing, or operating leases if we are the lessor. We use the following criteria to determine if a lease is a finance lease (as a lessee) or sales-type or direct financing lease (as a lessor):
(i)Ownership is transferred from lessor to lessee by the end of the lease term;
(ii)An option to purchase is reasonably certain to be exercised;
(iii)The lease term is for the major part of the underlying asset’s remaining economic life;
(iv)The present value of lease payments equals or exceeds substantially all of the fair value of the underlying asset; or
(v)The underlying asset is specialized and is expected to have no alternative use at the end of the lease term.
If we meet any of the above criteria, we account for the lease as a finance, a sales-type, or a direct financing lease. If we do not meet any of the criteria, we account for the lease as an operating lease.
A lease is accounted for as a sales-type lease if it is considered to transfer control of the underlying asset to the lessee. A lease is accounted for as a direct financing lease if risks and rewards are conveyed without the transfer of control, which is normally indicated by the existence of a residual value guarantee from an unrelated third party other than the lessee.
This classification will determine the method of recognition of the lease:
-
For an operating lease, we recognize income from rentals if we are the lessor, or rental operations expense if we are the lessee, over the term of the lease on a straight-line basis.
-
For a sales-type lease or a direct financing lease, we recognize the income from rentals, or for a finance lease, we recognize rental operations expense, over the term of the lease using the effective interest method.
-
At inception of a sales-type lease or a direct financing lease, if we determine the fair value of the leased property is lower than its carrying amount, we recognize a selling loss immediately at lease commencement. If fair value exceeds the carrying amount of a lease, a gain is recognized at lease commencement on a sales-type lease. For a direct financing lease, a gain is deferred at lease commencement and amortized over the lease term.
Lessor accounting
Costs to execute leases
We capitalize initial direct costs, which represent only incremental costs to execute a lease that would not have been incurred if the lease had not been obtained. Costs that we incur to negotiate or arrange a lease, regardless of its outcome, such as for fixed employee compensation, tax, or legal advice to negotiate lease terms, and other costs, are expensed as incurred.
Operating leases
We account for the revenue from our lease contracts by utilizing the single component accounting policy. This policy requires us to account for, by class of underlying asset, the lease component and nonlease component(s) associated with each lease as a single component if two criteria are met:
(i)The timing and pattern of transfer of the lease component and the nonlease component(s) are the same; and
(ii)The lease component would be classified as an operating lease if it were accounted for separately.
Lease components consist primarily of fixed rental payments, which represent scheduled rental amounts due under our leases, and contingent rental payments. Nonlease components consist primarily of tenant recoveries representing reimbursements of rental operating expenses under our triple net lease structure, including recoveries for property taxes, insurance, utilities, repairs and maintenance, and common area expenses.
F-17
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
If the lease component is the predominant component, we account for all revenues under such lease as a single component in accordance with the lease accounting standard. Conversely, if the nonlease component is the predominant component, all revenues under such lease are accounted for in accordance with the revenue recognition accounting standard. Our operating leases qualify for the single component accounting, and the lease component in each of our leases is predominant. Therefore, we account for all revenues from our operating leases under the lease accounting standard and classify these revenues as income from rentals in our consolidated statements of operations.
We commence recognition of income from rentals related to the operating leases at the date the property is ready for its intended use by the tenant and the tenant takes possession or controls the physical use of the leased asset. Income from rentals related to fixed rental payments under operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the respective operating lease terms. We classify amounts expected to be received in later periods as deferred rent in our consolidated balance sheets. Amounts received currently but recognized as revenue in future periods are classified in accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets.
Income from rentals related to variable payments includes tenant recoveries and contingent rental payments. Tenant recoveries, including reimbursements of utilities, repairs and maintenance, common area expenses, real estate taxes and insurance, and other operating expenses, are recognized as revenue in the period during which the applicable expenses are incurred and the tenant’s obligation to reimburse us arises. Income from rentals related to other variable payments is recognized when associated contingencies are removed.
We assess collectibility from our tenants of future lease payments for each of our operating leases. If we determine that collectibility is probable, we recognize income from rentals based on the methodology described above. If we determine that collectibility is not probable, we recognize an adjustment to lower our income from rentals. Furthermore, we may recognize a general allowance at a portfolio level (not the individual level) if we do not expect to collect future lease payments in full.
For each lease for which we determine that collectibility of future lease payments is not probable, we cease the recognition of income from rentals on a straight-line basis and limit the recognition of income to the payments collected from the lessee. We do not resume straight-line recognition of income from rentals for these leases until we determine that the collectibility of future payments related to these leases is probable.
We also record a general allowance related to the deferred rent balances that at the portfolio level (not the individual level) are not expected to be collected in full through the lease term. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we recorded adjustments aggregating $1.0 million, to increase the general allowance balance. As of December 31, 2023, our general allowance balance aggregated $21.4 million.
Direct financing and sales-type leases
Income from rentals related to direct financing and sales-type leases is recognized over the lease term using the effective interest rate method. At lease commencement, we record an asset within other assets in our consolidated balance sheets, which represents our net investment in the lease. This initial net investment is determined by aggregating the present values of the total future lease payments attributable to the lease and the estimated residual value of the property, less any unearned income related to our direct financing lease. Over the lease term, the investment in the lease accretes in value, producing a constant periodic rate of return on the net investment in the lease. Income from these leases is classified in income from rentals in our consolidated statements of operations. Our net investment is reduced over time as lease payments are received.
We evaluate our net investment in direct financing and sales-type leases for impairment under the current expected credit loss accounting standard. For more information, refer to the “Allowance for credit losses” section within this Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements.
As a lessor, we classify a lease with variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or a rate as an operating lease on the commencement date of the lease if both of the following criteria are met:
(i)The lease would have been classified as a sales-type lease or direct financing lease under the current lease accounting standard; and
(ii)The sales-type lease or direct financing lease classification would have resulted in a selling loss at lease commencement.
We do not derecognize the underlying asset and do not recognize a loss upon lease commencement but continue to depreciate the underlying asset over its useful life.
F-18
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
Lessee accounting
We have operating lease agreements in which we are the lessee consisting of ground and office leases. At the lease commencement date (or at the acquisition date if the lease is acquired as part of a real estate acquisition), we are required to recognize a liability to account for our future obligations under these operating leases, and a corresponding right-of-use asset.
The lease liability is measured based on the present value of the future lease payments, including payments during the term under our extension options that we are reasonably certain to exercise. The present value of the future lease payments is calculated for each operating lease using each respective remaining lease term and a corresponding estimated incremental borrowing rate, which is the interest rate that we estimate we would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term for an amount equal to the lease payments. Subsequently, the lease liability is accreted by applying a discount rate established at the lease commencement date to the lease liability balance as of the beginning of the period and is reduced by the payments made during the period. We classify the operating lease liability in accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets.
The right-of-use asset is measured based on the corresponding lease liability, adjusted for initial direct leasing costs and any other consideration exchanged with the landlord prior to the commencement of the lease, as well as adjustments to reflect favorable or unfavorable terms of an acquired lease when compared with market terms at the time of acquisition. Subsequently, the right-of-use asset is amortized on a straight-line basis during the lease term. We classify the right-of-use asset in other assets in our consolidated balance sheets.
Recognition of revenue arising from contracts with customers
We recognize revenues associated with transactions arising from contracts with customers, excluding revenues subject to the lease accounting standard discussed in the “Lease accounting” section above, in accordance with the revenue recognition accounting standard. A customer is distinguished from a noncustomer by the nature of the goods or services that are transferred. Customers are provided with goods or services that are generated by a company’s ordinary output activities, whereas noncustomers are provided with nonfinancial assets that are outside of a company’s ordinary output activities.
We generally recognize revenue representing the transfer of goods and services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in the exchange. In order to determine the recognition of revenue from customer contracts, we use a five-step model to (i) identify the contract with the customer, (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (iii) determine the transaction price, including variable consideration to the extent that it is probable that a significant future reversal will not occur, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) we satisfy the performance obligation.
We identify contractual performance obligations and determine whether revenue should be recognized at a point in time or over time, based on when control of goods and services transfers to a customer. We consider whether we control the goods or services prior to the transfer to the customer in order to determine whether we should account for the arrangement as a principal or agent. If we determine that we control the goods or services provided to the customer, then we are the principal to the transaction, and we recognize the gross amount of consideration expected in the exchange. If we simply arrange but do not control the goods or services being transferred to the customer, then we are considered to be an agent to the transaction, and we recognize the net amount of consideration we are entitled to retain in the exchange.
Total revenues subject to the revenue recognition accounting standard and classified within income from rentals in our consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 included $37.3 million and $38.1 million, respectively, primarily related to short-term parking revenues associated with long-term lease agreements. Short-term parking revenues do not qualify for the single component accounting policy, as discussed in the “Lessor accounting” subsection of the “Lease accounting” section within this Note 2, due to the difference in the timing and pattern of transfer of our parking service obligations and associated lease components within the same lease agreement. We recognize short-term parking revenues in accordance with the revenue recognition accounting standard when the service is provided and the performance obligation is satisfied, which normally occurs at a point in time.
Monitoring of tenant credit quality
During the term of each lease, we monitor the credit quality and any related material changes of our tenants by (i) monitoring the credit rating of tenants that are rated by a nationally recognized credit rating agency, (ii) reviewing financial statements of the tenants that are publicly available or that are required to be delivered to us pursuant to the applicable lease, (iii) monitoring news reports regarding our tenants and their respective businesses, and (iv) monitoring the timeliness of lease payments.
F-19
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
Allowance for credit losses
We are required to estimate and recognize lifetime expected losses, rather than incurred losses, for most of our financial assets measured at amortized cost and certain other instruments, including trade and other receivables (excluding receivables arising from operating leases), loans, held-to-maturity debt securities, net investments in leases arising from sales-type and direct financing leases, and off-balance-sheet credit exposures (e.g., loan commitments). The recognition of such expected losses, even if the expected risk of credit loss is remote, typically results in earlier recognition of credit losses. An assessment of the collectibility of operating lease payments and the recognition of an adjustment to lease income based on this assessment is governed by the lease accounting standard discussed in the “Lease accounting” section earlier within this Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements.
At each reporting date, we reassess our credit loss allowances on the aggregate net investment of our direct financing and sales-type leases and our trade receivables. If necessary, we recognize a credit loss adjustment for our current estimate of expected credit losses, which is classified within rental operations in our consolidated statements of operations. For further details, refer to Note 5 – “Leases” to our consolidated financial statements.
Income taxes
We are organized and operate as a REIT pursuant to the Internal Revenue Code (the “Code”). Under the Code, a REIT that distributes at least 90% of its REIT taxable income to its stockholders annually (excluding net capital gains) and meets certain other conditions is not subject to federal income tax on its distributed taxable income, but could be subject to certain federal, foreign, state, and local taxes. We distribute 100% of our taxable income annually; therefore, a provision for federal income taxes is not required. In addition to our REIT returns, we file federal, foreign, state, and local tax returns for our subsidiaries. We file with jurisdictions located in the U.S., Canada, China, and other international locations. Our tax returns are subject to routine examination in various jurisdictions for the 2017 through 2022 calendar years.
Employee and non-employee share-based payments
We have implemented an entity-wide accounting policy to account for forfeitures of share-based awards granted to employees and non-employees when they occur. As a result of this policy, we recognize expense on share-based awards with time-based vesting conditions without reductions for an estimate of forfeitures. This accounting policy only applies to service condition awards. For performance condition awards, we continue to assess the probability that such conditions will be achieved. Expenses related to forfeited awards are reversed as forfeitures occur. All nonforfeitable dividends paid on share-based payment awards are initially classified in retained earnings and reclassified to compensation cost only if forfeitures of the underlying awards occur. Our employee and non-employee share-based awards are measured at fair value on the grant date and recognized over the recipient’s required service period.
Forward equity sales agreements
We account for our forward equity sales agreements in accordance with the accounting guidance governing financial instruments and derivatives. Under the accounting guidance, none of our forward equity sales agreements outstanding during the year were deemed to be liabilities as they did not embody obligations to repurchase our shares, nor did they embody obligations to issue a variable number of shares for which the monetary value was predominantly fixed, varied with something other than the fair value of our shares, or varied inversely in relation to our shares. We also evaluated whether the agreements met the derivatives and hedging guidance scope exception to be accounted for as equity instruments and concluded that the agreements can be classified as equity contracts based on the following assessment: (i) none of the agreements’ exercise contingencies were based on observable markets or indices besides those related to the market for our own stock price and operations; and (ii) none of the settlement provisions precluded the agreements from being indexed to our own stock. As of December 31, 2023, we had no forward equity sales agreements outstanding.
Issuer and guarantor subsidiaries of guaranteed securities
Generally, a parent entity of an issuer that holds guaranteed securities must provide separate subsidiary issuer or guarantor financial statements, unless it qualifies for disclosure exceptions. A parent entity may be eligible for disclosure exceptions if it meets the following criteria:
(i)The subsidiary issuer or guarantor is a consolidated subsidiary of the parent company, and
(ii)The subsidiary issues a registered security that is:
-
Issued jointly and severally with the parent company, or
-
Fully and unconditionally guaranteed by the parent company.
A parent entity that meets the above criteria may instead present summarized financial information (“alternative disclosures”) either within the consolidated financial statements or within the “Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations” section in Item 7. We evaluated the criteria and determined that we are eligible for the disclosure exceptions, which allow us to provide alternative disclosures; as such, we present alternative disclosures within the “Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations” section in Item 7.
F-20
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
Loan fees
Fees incurred in obtaining long-term financing are capitalized and classified with the corresponding debt instrument appearing on our consolidated balance sheets. Loan fees related to our unsecured senior line of credit are capitalized and classified within other assets. Capitalized amounts are amortized over the term of the related loan, and the amortization is classified in interest expense in our consolidated statements of operations.
Distributions from equity method investments
We use the “nature of the distribution” approach to determine the classification within our consolidated statements of cash flows of cash distributions received from equity method investments, including our unconsolidated real estate joint ventures and equity method non-real estate investments. Under this approach, distributions are classified based on the nature of the underlying activity that generated the cash distributions. If we lack the information necessary to apply this approach in the future, we will be required to apply the “cumulative earnings” approach as an accounting change on a retrospective basis. Under the cumulative earnings approach, distributions up to the amount of cumulative equity in earnings recognized are classified as cash inflows from operating activities, and those in excess of that amount are classified as cash inflows from investing activities.
Restricted cash
We present cash and cash equivalents separately from restricted cash within our consolidated balance sheets. However, we include restricted cash with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown in the consolidated statements of cash flows. We provide a reconciliation between the consolidated balance sheets and the consolidated statements of cash flows, as required when the balance includes more than one line item for cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash. We also provide a disclosure of the nature of the restrictions related to material restricted cash balances.
F-21
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
Recent accounting pronouncements
On June 30, 2022, the FASB issued an ASU to clarify the guidance on fair value measurement of an equity security that is subject to a contractual sale restriction. Currently, some entities apply a discount to the price of their equity security investments subject to a contractual sale restriction, whereas others do not. This update eliminates the diversity in practice by clarifying that a recognition of a discount related to a contractual sale restriction is not permitted. We hold certain equity investments in publicly held entities that are subject to contractual sale restrictions. We do not recognize such discounts; therefore, the adoption of this accounting standard will have no impact on our consolidated financial statements. This update does not change the application of existing measurement guidance on share-based compensation. Pursuant to the disclosure requirements of this new standard, the footnotes to our consolidated financial statements will include incremental disclosures related to equity securities that are subject to contractual sale restrictions, including (i) the fair value of such equity securities reflected in the balance sheet, (ii) the nature and remaining duration of the corresponding restrictions, and (iii) any circumstances that could cause a lapse in the restrictions. We adopted this accounting standard on January 1, 2024.
On August 23, 2023, the FASB issued an ASU that will require a joint venture, upon formation, to measure its assets and liabilities at fair value in its standalone financial statements. A joint venture will recognize the difference between the fair value of its equity and the fair value of its identifiable assets and liabilities as goodwill (or an equity adjustment, if negative) using the business combination accounting guidance regardless of whether the net assets meet the definition of a business. The new accounting standard is intended to reduce diversity in practice.
This ASU will apply to joint ventures that meet the definition of a corporate joint venture under GAAP, thus limiting its scope to joint ventures not controlled and therefore not consolidated by any joint venture investor. We generally seek to maintain control of our real estate joint ventures and therefore expect this ASU to apply to a limited number, if any, of our unconsolidated real estate joint ventures formed after the adoption of this accounting standard. This standard does not change the accounting of investments by the investors in a joint venture in their individual financial statements, and therefore, its adoption will have no impact on our consolidated financial statements. This accounting standard will become effective for joint ventures with a formation date on or after January 1, 2025, with early adoption permitted. We expect to adopt this ASU on January 1, 2025.
On November 27, 2023, the FASB issued an ASU to require the disclosure of segment expenses if they are (i) significant to the segment, (ii) regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), and (iii) included in each reported measure of a segment’s profit or loss. Public entities will be required to provide this disclosure quarterly. In addition, this ASU requires an annual disclosure of the CODM’s title and a description of how the CODM uses the segment’s profit/loss measure to assess segment performance and to allocate resources. Pursuant to this ASU, the footnotes to our consolidated financial statements will include incremental disclosures related to our single reportable segment, including the disclosures about our CODM’s review of our consolidated net operating income — the profit/loss measure of our single reportable segment — and a reconciliation of consolidated net operating income to our consolidated net income. Compliance with these and certain other disclosure requirements will be required for our annual report on Form 10-K for the year 2024, and for subsequent quarterly and annual reports, with early adoption permitted. We expect to adopt this ASU on January 1, 2025.
F-22
3. INVESTMENTS IN REAL ESTATE
Our consolidated investments in real estate, including real estate assets classified as held for sale as described in Note 18 – “Assets classified as held for sale” to our consolidated financial statements, consisted of the following as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):
| December 31, | ||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||||||||
| Rental properties: | ||||||||||||||
| Land (related to rental properties) | $ | 4,385,515 | $ | 4,284,731 | ||||||||||
| Buildings and building improvements | 20,320,866 | 18,605,627 | ||||||||||||
| Other improvements | 3,681,628 | 2,677,763 | ||||||||||||
| Rental properties | 28,388,009 | 25,568,121 | ||||||||||||
| Development and redevelopment projects | 8,226,309 | 8,715,335 | ||||||||||||
| Gross investments in real estate – North America | 36,614,318 | 34,283,456 | ||||||||||||
| Less: accumulated depreciation – North America | (4,980,807) | (4,349,780) | ||||||||||||
| Net investments in real estate – North America | 31,633,511 | 29,933,676 | ||||||||||||
| Net investments in real estate – Asia | — | 11,764 | ||||||||||||
| Investments in real estate | $ | 31,633,511 | $ | 29,945,440 |
Acquisitions
Our real estate asset acquisitions during the year ended December 31, 2023 consisted of the following (dollars in thousands):
| Square Footage | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Market | Number of Properties | Future Development | Active Development/Redevelopment | Operating With Future Development/Redevelopment | Purchase Price | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Canada | 1 | — | — | 247,743 | $ | 100,837 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 4 | 1,089,349 | 110,717 | 185,676 | 158,139 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 5 | 1,089,349 | 110,717 | 433,419 | $ | 258,976 | (1) |
(1)Represents the aggregate contractual purchase price of our acquisitions, which differs from purchases of real estate in our consolidated statements of cash flows
due to the timing of payment, closing costs, and other acquisition adjustments such as prorations of rents and expenses.
Based upon our evaluation of each acquisition, we determined that substantially all of the fair value related to each acquisition was concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets, or was associated with a land parcel with no operations. Accordingly, each transaction did not meet the definition of a business and therefore was accounted for as an asset acquisition. In each of these transactions, we allocated the total consideration for each acquisition to the individual assets and liabilities acquired on a relative fair value basis.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, we acquired five properties for an aggregate purchase price of $259.0 million. In connection with our acquisitions, we recorded in-place lease assets aggregating $15.7 million and below-market lease liabilities in which we are the lessor aggregating $6.0 million. As of December 31, 2023, the weighted-average amortization period remaining on our in-place leases and below-market leases acquired during the year ended December 31, 2023 was 3.3 years and 2.0 years, respectively, and 3.0 years in total.
Acquired below-market leases
The balances of acquired below-market tenant leases existing as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 and related accumulated amortization, classified in accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, were as follows (in thousands):
| December 31, | ||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||||||||
| Acquired below-market leases | $ | 696,875 | $ | 730,441 | ||||||||||
| Accumulated amortization | (374,835) | (312,785) | ||||||||||||
| $ | 322,040 | $ | 417,656 |
F-23
3. INVESTMENTS IN REAL ESTATE (continued)
For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, we recognized in rental revenues approximately $96.9 million, $78.0 million, and $57.7 million, respectively, related to the amortization of acquired below-market leases existing as of the end of each respective year.
The weighted-average amortization period of the value of acquired below-market leases existing as of December 31, 2023 was approximately 6.3 years, and the estimated annual amortization of the value of acquired below-market leases as of December 31, 2023 is as follows (in thousands):
| Year | Amount | |||||||
| 2024 | $ | 86,595 | ||||||
| 2025 | 38,796 | |||||||
| 2026 | 30,526 | |||||||
| 2027 | 29,995 | |||||||
| 2028 | 18,000 | |||||||
| Thereafter | 118,128 | |||||||
| Total | $ | 322,040 |
Acquired in-place leases
The balances of acquired in-place leases and related accumulated amortization, classified in other assets in our consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, were as follows (in thousands):
| December 31, | ||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||||||||
| Acquired in-place leases | $ | 1,115,259 | $ | 1,150,690 | ||||||||||
| Accumulated amortization | (653,646) | (535,052) | ||||||||||||
| $ | 461,613 | $ | 615,638 |
Amortization for these intangible assets, classified in depreciation and amortization expense in our consolidated statements of operations, was approximately $160.6 million, $169.5 million, and $146.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. The weighted-average amortization period of the value of acquired in-place leases was approximately 8.1 years, and the estimated annual amortization of the value of acquired in-place leases as of December 31, 2023 is as follows (in thousands):
| Year | Amount | |||||||
| 2024 | $ | 107,883 | ||||||
| 2025 | 75,610 | |||||||
| 2026 | 58,029 | |||||||
| 2027 | 48,279 | |||||||
| 2028 | 36,171 | |||||||
| Thereafter | 135,641 | |||||||
| Total | $ | 461,613 |
F-24
3. INVESTMENTS IN REAL ESTATE (continued)
Sales of real estate assets and impairment charges
Our completed dispositions of and sales of partial interests in real estate assets during the year ended December 31, 2023 consisted of the following (dollars in thousands):
| Gain on Sales of Real Estate | Consideration (Below)/Above Book Value(1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Property | Submarket/Market | Date of Sale | Interest Sold | RSF | Sales Price | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partial interest sales*(2)**:* | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 15 Necco Street | Seaport Innovation District/Greater Boston | 4/11/23 | 18 | % | 345,996 | $ | 66,108 | N/A | $ | (7,761) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 9625 Towne Centre Drive | University Town Center/ San Diego | 6/21/23 | 20.1 | % | 163,648 | 32,261 | N/A | 15,553 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 98,369 | $ | 7,792 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dispositions of real estate: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 11119 North Torrey Pines Road | Torrey Pines/San Diego | 5/4/23 | 100 | % | 72,506 | 86,000 | $ | 27,585 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 225, 231, 266, and 275 Second Avenue and 780 and 790 Memorial Drive | Route 128 and Cambridge/Inner Suburbs/Greater Boston | 6/13/23 | 100 | % | 428,663 | 365,226 | 187,225 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 640 Memorial Drive, 100 Beaver Street, and 11025 and 11035 Roselle Street | Cambridge and Inner Suburbs and Route 128/Greater Boston and Sorrento Valley/San Diego | 12/20/23 | 100 | % | 361,102 | 312,244 | 59,653 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 380 and 420 E Street | Seaport Innovation District/ Greater Boston | 12/20/23 | 100 | % | 195,506 | 86,969 | (3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 275 Grove Street | Route 128/Greater Boston | 6/27/23 | 100 | % | 509,702 | 109,349 | (3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 421 Park Drive | Fenway/Greater Boston | 9/19/23 | (4) | (4) | 174,412 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 81,845 | 2,574 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1,216,045 | $ | 277,037 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total 2023 dispositions | $ | 1,314,414 | (5) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Related to sales of partial interests in real estate assets for which we retained control and therefore continue to consolidate. We recognized the difference between the consideration received and the book value of partial interests sold in additional paid-in capital, with no gain or loss recognized in earnings.
(2)Refer to the “Sales of partial interests” section in Note 4 – “Consolidated and unconsolidated real estate joint ventures” to our consolidated financial statements for additional information.
(3)Refer to the “Impairment charges” subsection below for information related to impairment charges recognized in connection with this transaction.
(4)Represents the disposition of 268,023 RSF in a 660,034 RSF active development at 421 Park Drive in our Fenway submarket. The proceeds from this transaction will help fund the construction of our remaining 392,011 RSF of the project. The buyer will fund the remaining costs to construct its 268,023 RSF, and as such these costs are not included in our projected construction spending. We will develop and operate the completed project and will earn development fees over the next three years.
(5)Represents the aggregate contractual sales price of our dispositions, which differs from proceeds from sales of real estate and contributions from and sales of noncontrolling interests in our consolidated statements of cash flows under “Investing activities” and “Financing activities,” respectively, primarily due to the timing of payment, closing costs, and other sales adjustments such as prorations of rents and expenses.
F-25
3. INVESTMENTS IN REAL ESTATE (continued)
Impairment charges
During the year ended December 31, 2023, we recognized impairment charges aggregating $461.1 million classified in impairment of real estate in our consolidated statement of operations, primarily related to non-laboratory properties that are not integral to our mega campus strategy, including:
*•*Impairment charge of $145.4 million recognized to reduce the carrying amount of a three-building office campus aggregating 509,702 RSF at 275 Grove Street in our Route 128 submarket to its estimated fair value less costs to sell, upon meeting the criteria for classification as held for sale. At the time of our acquisition in January 2020, the campus was fully occupied with a weighted-average remaining lease term of 6.1 years. We had intended to convert the campus into laboratory space through redevelopment upon the expiration of the acquired in-place leases. Upon our reevaluation of the project’s financial outlook and its alignment with our mega campus strategy, we decided not to proceed with this project. We completed the sale of this campus in June 2023 for a sales price of $109.3 million, with no gain or loss recognized in earnings.
- Impairment charge of $94.8 million recognized to reduce the carrying amounts of one industrial property and one self-storage property in our Seaport Innovation District submarket to their respective estimated fair values less costs to sell, upon meeting the criteria for classification as held for sale. We initially acquired these real estate assets with the intention to entitle the site as a life science campus, demolish the properties upon expiration of the acquired in-place leases, and ultimately develop life science properties. Since acquiring these assets, the macroeconomic environment has changed, and upon our reevaluation of the projects’ financial outlook and their alignment with our mega campus strategy, we decided not to proceed with these projects. Our decision was also based on the location’s current strategic disadvantage for laboratory development within this submarket. We completed the sale of these assets in December 2023 for a sales price of $87.0 million, with no gain or loss recognized in earnings.
*•*Impairment charge of $93.5 million recognized to reduce the carrying amount of an office property aggregating 349,947 RSF in our New York City submarket to its estimated fair value less costs to sell, upon meeting the criteria for classification as held for sale. We initially acquired this real estate asset with the intention to entitle it as a life science property, and, upon expiration of the acquired in-place lease, either demolish the building for development or redevelop the existing building into a life science property. Since acquiring this property, the macroeconomic environment has changed. Upon our reevaluation of the project’s financial outlook and its alignment with our mega campus strategy, we decided not to proceed with this project. We expect to complete the sale of this asset in 2024.
- Impairment charge of $36.1 million recognized to reduce the carrying amount of a development land parcel in our Seaport Innovation District submarket to its estimated fair value less costs to sell, upon meeting the criteria for classification as held for sale. We initially acquired this real estate asset with the intention to entitle it as a life science asset and ultimately develop a life science property. Since acquiring this asset, the macroeconomic environment has changed. Upon our reevaluation of the project’s financial outlook and its alignment with our mega campus strategy, we decided not to proceed with this project. We expect to complete the sale of this asset in 2024.
*•*Impairment charge of $29.7 million recognized to reduce the carrying amount of one office property aggregating 143,943 RSF in our Bothell submarket to its estimated fair value less costs to sell, upon meeting the criteria for classification as held for sale. This asset was classified as held for sale upon our evaluation of the alignment of this project with our mega campus strategy and our decision to reallocate substantial near-term capital that the repositioning of this asset would have otherwise required toward our other projects with greater value-creation opportunities. We expect to complete the sale of this asset in 2024.
*•*Impairment charges of $20.8 million recognized to reduce the carrying amounts of three non-laboratory properties classified as held for sale aggregating 230,704 RSF, located in our Greater Boston and Texas markets, to their respective estimated fair values less costs to sell, upon meeting the criteria for classification as held for sale. These assets were classified as held for sale upon our reevaluation of the projects’ financial outlook, their alignment with our mega campus strategy, and our decision to reallocate substantial near-term capital that the development and redevelopment of these assets would have otherwise required toward our other projects with greater value-creation opportunities. We completed the sale of one of these properties in December 2023, with no gain or loss recognized in earnings, and we expect to sell the remaining real estate assets in 2024.
- Impairment charge of $17.1 million recognized to fully write down the carrying amount of our one remaining property in Asia.
Refer to Note 18 – “Assets classified as held for sale” to our consolidated financial statements for additional information.
F-26
4. CONSOLIDATED AND UNCONSOLIDATED REAL ESTATE JOINT VENTURES
From time to time, we enter into joint venture agreements through which we own a partial interest in real estate entities that own, develop, and operate real estate properties. As of December 31, 2023, our real estate joint ventures held the following properties:
| Property | Market | Submarket | Our Ownership Interest(1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated real estate joint ventures*(2)**:* | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 50 and 60 Binney Street | Greater Boston | Cambridge/Inner Suburbs | 34.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 75/125 Binney Street | Greater Boston | Cambridge/Inner Suburbs | 40.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 100 and 225 Binney Street and 300 Third Street | Greater Boston | Cambridge/Inner Suburbs | 30.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 99 Coolidge Avenue | Greater Boston | Cambridge/Inner Suburbs | 75.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 15 Necco Street | Greater Boston | Seaport Innovation District | 56.7 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other joint venture | Greater Boston | – | 61.2 | % | (4) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alexandria Center® for Science and Technology – Mission Bay(3) | San Francisco Bay Area | Mission Bay | 25.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1450 Owens Street | San Francisco Bay Area | Mission Bay | 40.6 | % | (5) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 601, 611, 651, 681, 685, and 701 Gateway Boulevard | San Francisco Bay Area | South San Francisco | 50.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 751 Gateway Boulevard | San Francisco Bay Area | South San Francisco | 51.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 211 and 213 East Grand Avenue | San Francisco Bay Area | South San Francisco | 30.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 500 Forbes Boulevard | San Francisco Bay Area | South San Francisco | 10.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alexandria Center® for Life Science – Millbrae | San Francisco Bay Area | South San Francisco | 47.1 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3215 Merryfield Row | San Diego | Torrey Pines | 30.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Campus Point by Alexandria(6) | San Diego | University Town Center | 55.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5200 Illumina Way | San Diego | University Town Center | 51.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 9625 Towne Centre Drive | San Diego | University Town Center | 30.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SD Tech by Alexandria(7) | San Diego | Sorrento Mesa | 50.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pacific Technology Park | San Diego | Sorrento Mesa | 50.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Summers Ridge Science Park(8) | San Diego | Sorrento Mesa | 30.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1201 and 1208 Eastlake Avenue East and 199 East Blaine Street | Seattle | Lake Union | 30.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 400 Dexter Avenue North | Seattle | Lake Union | 30.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 800 Mercer Street | Seattle | Lake Union | 60.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unconsolidated real estate joint ventures*(2)**:* | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1655 and 1725 Third Street | San Francisco Bay Area | Mission Bay | 10.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1401/1413 Research Boulevard | Maryland | Rockville | 65.0 | % | (9) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1450 Research Boulevard | Maryland | Rockville | 73.2 | % | (9) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 101 West Dickman Street | Maryland | Beltsville | 57.9 | % | (9) |
(1)Refer to the table on the next page that shows the categorization of our joint ventures under the consolidation framework.
(2)In addition to the real estate joint ventures listed, various partners hold insignificant noncontrolling interests in three other consolidated real estate joint ventures in North America and we hold an interest in one other insignificant unconsolidated real estate joint venture in North America.
(3)Includes 409 and 499 Illinois Street, 1500 and 1700 Owens Street, and 455 Mission Bay Boulevard South.
(4)Refer to the discussion below and to Note 11 – “Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities” and Note 19 – “Subsequent events” to our consolidated financial statements for additional information.
(5)The noncontrolling interest share of our joint venture partner is anticipated to increase to 75% as our partner contributes construction funding to the project over time.
(6)Includes 10210, 10260, 10290, and 10300 Campus Point Drive and 4110, 4135, 4155, 4161, 4165, 4224, and 4242 Campus Point Court.
(7)Includes 9605, 9645, 9675, 9685, 9725, 9735, 9805, 9808, 9855, and 9868 Scranton Road and 10055, 10065, and 10075 Barnes Canyon Road.
(8)Includes 9965, 9975, 9985, and 9995 Summers Ridge Road.
(9)Represents a joint venture with a local real estate operator in which our joint venture partner manages the day-to-day activities that significantly affect the economic performance of the joint venture.
Our consolidation policy is described under the “Consolidation” section in Note 2 – “Summary of significant accounting policies” to our consolidated financial statements. Consolidation accounting is highly technical, but its framework is primarily based on the controlling financial interests and benefits of the joint ventures.
F-27
4. CONSOLIDATED AND UNCONSOLIDATED REAL ESTATE JOINT VENTURES (continued)
We generally consolidate a joint venture that is a legal entity that we control (i.e., we have the power to direct the activities of the joint venture that most significantly affect its economic performance) through contractual rights, regardless of our ownership interest, and where we determine that we have benefits through the allocation of earnings or losses and fees paid to us that could be significant to the joint venture (the “VIE model”).
We also generally consolidate joint ventures when we have a controlling financial interest through voting rights and where our voting interest is greater than 50% (the “voting model”). Voting interest differs from ownership interest for some joint ventures.
We account for joint ventures that do not meet the consolidation criteria under the equity method of accounting by recognizing our share of income and losses.
The table below shows the categorization of our real estate joint ventures under the consolidation framework:
| Property(1) | Consolidation Model | Voting Interest | Consolidation Analysis | Conclusion | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 50 and 60 Binney Street | VIE model | Not applicable under VIE model | Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 75/125 Binney Street | We have: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 100 and 225 Binney Street and 300 Third Street | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 99 Coolidge Avenue | (i) | The power to direct the activities of the joint venture that most significantly affect its economic performance; and | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 15 Necco Street | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other joint venture (Greater Boston) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alexandria Center® for Science and Technology – Mission Bay | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1450 Owens Street | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 601, 611, 651, 681, 685, and 701 Gateway Boulevard | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 751 Gateway Boulevard | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 211 and 213 East Grand Avenue | (ii) | Benefits that can be significant to the joint venture. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 500 Forbes Boulevard | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alexandria Center® for Life Science – Millbrae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3215 Merryfield Row | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Campus Point by Alexandria | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5200 Illumina Way | Therefore, we are the primary beneficiary of each VIE. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 9625 Towne Centre Drive | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SD Tech by Alexandria | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pacific Technology Park | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Summers Ridge Science Park | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1201 and 1208 Eastlake Avenue East and 199 East Blaine Street | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 400 Dexter Avenue North | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 800 Mercer Street | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1401/1413 Research Boulevard | We do not control the joint venture and are therefore not the primary beneficiary. | Equity method of accounting | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1450 Research Boulevard | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 101 West Dickman Street | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1655 and 1725 Third Street | Voting model | Does not exceed 50% | Our voting interest is 50% or less. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) In addition to the real estate joint ventures listed, various partners hold insignificant noncontrolling interests in three other consolidated real estate joint ventures in North America and we hold an interest in one other insignificant unconsolidated real estate joint venture in North America.
F-28
4. CONSOLIDATED AND UNCONSOLIDATED REAL ESTATE JOINT VENTURES (continued)
Sales of partial interests
We evaluated each of our real estate joint ventures described below under the consolidation framework outlined above and further detailed in the “Consolidation” section of Note 2 – “Summary of significant accounting policies” to our consolidated financial statements. Upon completion of each partial interest sale, we continued to consolidate each property. Accordingly, we accounted for these sales of partial interests as equity transactions, with the differences between consideration received and the book value of partial interests sold recognized in additional paid-in capital and no gain or loss recognized in earnings.
Refer to the “Consolidation” section in Note 2 – “Summary of significant accounting policies” to our consolidated financial statements for additional information. For a summary of our completed dispositions of and sales of partial interests in real estate assets during the year ended December 31, 2023, refer to the “Sales of real estate assets and impairment charges” section in Note 3 – “Investments in real estate” to our consolidated financial statements.
15 Necco Street
As of March 31, 2023, our investment in 15 Necco Street, a development project located in our Seaport Innovation District submarket, was held in a consolidated real estate joint venture in which 90% was owned by us and 10% was owned by our existing joint venture partner.
In April 2023, an investor acquired a 20% interest in our 15 Necco Street property, which consisted of an 18% interest sold by us and a 2% interest sold by our existing partner. The sales price of the 18% interest sold by us was $66.1 million, and the $7.8 million difference between the consideration received and the book value of our partial interest sold was recognized as an adjustment to additional paid-in capital. Upon completion of the sale, our ownership interest in the consolidated real estate joint venture was 72% and our existing and new partners’ noncontrolling interests were 8% and 20%, respectively. We expect our new joint venture partner to contribute capital to fund construction of the project over time and to accrete its ownership interest in the joint venture to 37% from 20%.
9625 Towne Centre Drive
As of March 31, 2023, our investment in 9625 Towne Centre Drive, aggregating 163,648 RSF located in our University Town Center submarket, was held in a consolidated real estate joint venture in which 50.1% was owned by us and 49.9% was owned by a joint venture partner.
In June 2023, an investor acquired a 70% interest in our 9625 Towne Centre Drive property, which consisted of a 20.1% partial interest sold by us and a 49.9% interest sold by our previous joint venture partner, which it had entirely and solely held. The consideration paid was based on an agreed-upon value of $160.5 million for the entire property. Our portion of the sales price for the 20.1% partial interest sold by us was $32.3 million, and the $15.6 million of consideration received in excess of the book value of our partial interest sold was recognized as an adjustment to additional paid-in capital. Upon completion of the sale, our ownership in the joint venture is 30%.
Other joint venture
During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we acquired two properties and entitlements aggregating 515,000 RSF with development opportunities in our Greater Boston market for a purchase price aggregating $58.9 million. Upon completion of these acquisitions, we formed a real estate joint venture with a local real estate operator that acquired a 38.8% interest in this joint venture in exchange for the contribution of additional entitlements and other pre-construction assets for a total contribution of $37.6 million, including a non-cash contribution aggregating $33.3 million. The entitlements contributed by our partner increased the joint venture’s aggregate development opportunities to 715,000 RSF. Our partner had the option to require us to redeem $35.3 million of its ownership interest at its contributed value, which our partner exercised in December 2023. We completed the redemption in January 2024.
F-29
4. CONSOLIDATED AND UNCONSOLIDATED REAL ESTATE JOINT VENTURES (continued)
Consolidated VIEs’ balance sheet information
We, together with joint venture partners, hold interests in real estate joint ventures that we consolidate in our financial statements. These existing joint ventures provide significant equity capital to fund a portion of our future construction spend, and our joint venture partners may also contribute equity into these entities for financing-related activities.
The table below aggregates the balance sheet information of our consolidated VIEs as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):
| December 31, | ||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||||||||
| Investments in real estate | $ | 8,032,315 | $ | 6,771,842 | ||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | 306,475 | 246,931 | ||||||||||||
| Other assets | 728,390 | 684,487 | ||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 9,067,180 | $ | 7,703,260 | ||||||||||
| Secured notes payable | $ | 119,042 | $ | 58,396 | ||||||||||
| Other liabilities | 608,665 | 430,615 | ||||||||||||
| Mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interest | 35,250 | (1) | — | |||||||||||
| Total liabilities | 762,957 | 489,011 | ||||||||||||
| Redeemable noncontrolling interests | 6,868 | — | ||||||||||||
| Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s share of equity | 4,162,017 | 3,513,001 | ||||||||||||
| Noncontrolling interests’ share of equity | 4,135,338 | 3,701,248 | ||||||||||||
| Total liabilities and equity | $ | 9,067,180 | $ | 7,703,260 | ||||||||||
(1)Related to the acquisition of our partner’s partial noncontrolling interest in one of our real estate joint ventures, which was paid in full on January 12, 2024. Refer to Note 19 – “Subsequent events” and Note 11 – “Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities” to our consolidated financial statements for additional information.
In determining whether to aggregate the balance sheet information of consolidated VIEs, we considered the similarity of each VIE, including the primary purpose of these entities to own, manage, operate, and lease real estate properties owned by the VIEs, and the similar nature of our involvement in each VIE as a managing member. Due to the similarity of the characteristics, we present the balance sheet information of these entities on an aggregated basis. None of our consolidated VIEs’ assets have restrictions that limit their use to settle specific obligations of the VIE. There are no creditors or other partners of our consolidated VIEs that have recourse to our general credit, and our maximum exposure to our consolidated VIEs is limited to our variable interests in each VIE, except for our 99 Coolidge Avenue real estate joint venture in which the VIE’s secured construction loan is guaranteed by us. For additional information, refer to Note 10 – “Secured and unsecured senior debt” to our consolidated financial statements.
F-30
4. CONSOLIDATED AND UNCONSOLIDATED REAL ESTATE JOINT VENTURES (continued)
Unconsolidated real estate joint ventures
Our maximum exposure to our unconsolidated VIEs is limited to our investment in each VIE, except for our 1450 Research Boulevard and 101 West Dickman Street unconsolidated real estate joint ventures in which we guarantee up to $6.7 million of the outstanding balance related to each VIE’s secured loan. Our investments in unconsolidated real estate joint ventures, accounted for under the equity method and presented in our consolidated balance sheets, consisted of the following as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):
| December 31, | ||||||||||||||
| Property | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||||
| 1655 and 1725 Third Street | $ | 11,718 | $ | 12,996 | ||||||||||
| 1450 Research Boulevard | 6,041 | 5,625 | ||||||||||||
| 101 West Dickman Street | 9,290 | 8,678 | ||||||||||||
| Other | 10,731 | 11,136 | ||||||||||||
| $ | 37,780 | $ | 38,435 |
The following table presents key terms related to our unconsolidated real estate joint ventures’ secured loans as of December 31, 2023 (dollars in thousands):
| At 100% | Our Share | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unconsolidated Joint Venture | Maturity Date | Stated Rate | Interest Rate(1) | Aggregate Commitment | Debt Balance(2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1401/1413 Research Boulevard | 12/23/24 | 2.70% | 3.31% | $ | 28,500 | $ | 28,331 | 65.0% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1655 and 1725 Third Street | 3/10/25 | 4.50% | 4.57% | 600,000 | 599,505 | 10.0% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 101 West Dickman Street | 11/10/26 | SOFR + 1.95% | (3) | 7.38% | 26,750 | 14,762 | 57.9% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1450 Research Boulevard | 12/10/26 | SOFR + 1.95% | (3) | 7.44% | 13,000 | 8,280 | 73.2% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 668,250 | $ | 650,878 |
(1)Includes interest expense and amortization of loan fees.
(2)Represents outstanding principal, net of unamortized deferred financing costs, as of December 31, 2023.
(3)This loan is subject to a fixed SOFR floor of 0.75%.
F-31
5. LEASES
Refer to the “Lease accounting” section in Note 2 – “Summary of significant accounting policies” to our consolidated financial statements for information about lease accounting standards that set principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of leases for both parties to a lease agreement (i.e., lessees and lessors).
Leases in which we are the lessor
As of December 31, 2023, we had 411 properties aggregating 42.0 million operating RSF located in key clusters, including Greater Boston, the San Francisco Bay Area, New York City, San Diego, Seattle, Maryland, and Research Triangle. We focus on developing Class A/A+ properties in AAA innovation cluster locations, which we consider to be highly desirable for tenancy by life science, agtech, and technology entities. Such locations are generally characterized by high barriers to entry for new landlords, high barriers to exit for tenants, and a limited supply of available space. As of December 31, 2023, all leases in which we are the lessor were classified as operating leases, with the exception of one direct financing lease. Our leases are described below.
Operating leases
As of December 31, 2023, our 411 properties were subject to operating lease agreements. Two of these properties, representing two land parcels, are subject to lease agreements that each contain an option for the lessee to purchase the underlying asset from us at fair market value during each of the 30-day periods commencing on the dates that are 15 years, 30 years, and 74.5 years after the rent commencement date of October 1, 2017. The remaining lease term related to each of the two land parcels is 68.9 years. Our leases generally contain options to extend lease terms at prevailing market rates at the time of expiration. Certain operating leases contain early termination options that require advance notification and payment of a penalty, which in most cases is substantial enough to be deemed economically disadvantageous by a tenant to exercise. Future lease payments to be received under the terms of our operating lease agreements, excluding expense reimbursements, in effect as of December 31, 2023 are outlined in the table below (in thousands):
| Year | Amount | |||||||
| 2024 | $ | 1,862,795 | ||||||
| 2025 | 1,868,217 | |||||||
| 2026 | 1,817,938 | |||||||
| 2027 | 1,738,305 | |||||||
| 2028 | 1,607,062 | |||||||
| Thereafter | 10,201,534 | |||||||
| Total | $ | 19,095,851 |
Refer to Note 3 – “Investments in real estate” to our consolidated financial statements for additional information about our owned real estate assets, which are the underlying assets under our operating leases.
Direct financing lease
As of December 31, 2023, we had one direct financing lease agreement, with a net investment balance of $40.1 million, for a parking structure with a remaining lease term of 68.9 years. The lessee has an option to purchase the underlying asset at fair market value during each of the 30-day periods commencing on the dates that are 15 years, 30 years, and 74.5 years after the rent commencement date of October 1, 2017.
The components of our aggregate net investment in our direct financing lease as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 are summarized in the table below (in thousands):
| December 31, | ||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||||||||
| Gross investment in direct financing lease | $ | 253,324 | $ | 255,186 | ||||||||||
| Less: unearned income on direct financing lease | (210,388) | (212,995) | ||||||||||||
| Less: allowance for credit losses | (2,839) | (2,839) | ||||||||||||
| Net investment in direct financing lease | $ | 40,097 | $ | 39,352 |
As of December 31, 2023, our estimated credit loss related to our direct financing lease was $2.8 million. No adjustment to the estimated credit loss balance was required during the year ended December 31, 2023. For further details, refer to the “Allowance for credit losses” section in Note 2 – “Summary of significant accounting policies” to our consolidated financial statements.
F-32
5. LEASES (continued)
Future lease payments to be received under the terms of our direct financing lease as of December 31, 2023 are outlined in the table below (in thousands):
| Year | Total | |||||||
| 2024 | $ | 1,919 | ||||||
| 2025 | 1,976 | |||||||
| 2026 | 2,036 | |||||||
| 2027 | 2,097 | |||||||
| 2028 | 2,160 | |||||||
| Thereafter | 243,136 | |||||||
| Total | $ | 253,324 |
Income from rentals
Our income from rentals includes revenue related to agreements for the rental of our real estate, which primarily includes revenues subject to the lease accounting standard and the revenue recognition accounting standard as shown below (in thousands):
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Income from rentals: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues subject to the lease accounting standard: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating leases | $ | 2,802,567 | $ | 2,534,862 | $ | 2,081,362 | ||||||||||||||
| Direct financing and sales-type leases(1) | 2,608 | 3,094 | 3,489 | |||||||||||||||||
| Revenues subject to the lease accounting standard | 2,805,175 | 2,537,956 | 2,084,851 | |||||||||||||||||
| Revenues subject to the revenue recognition accounting standard | 37,281 | 38,084 | 23,398 | |||||||||||||||||
| Income from rentals | $ | 2,842,456 | $ | 2,576,040 | $ | 2,108,249 |
(1)We completed the sale of our real estate assets subject to sales-type leases in May 2022 and have had no sales-type leases since then.
Our revenues that are subject to the revenue recognition accounting standard and are classified in income from rentals consist primarily of short-term parking revenues that are not considered lease revenues under the lease accounting standard. Refer to the “Revenues” and “Recognition of revenue arising from contracts with customers” sections in Note 2 – “Summary of significant accounting policies” to our consolidated financial statements for additional information.
Deferred leasing costs
The following table summarizes our deferred leasing costs as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):
| December 31, | ||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||||||||
| Deferred leasing costs | $ | 1,035,339 | $ | 996,116 | ||||||||||
| Accumulated amortization | (525,941) | (479,841) | ||||||||||||
| Deferred leasing costs, net | $ | 509,398 | $ | 516,275 |
Residual value risk management strategy
Our leases do not have guarantees of residual value on the underlying assets. We manage risk associated with the residual value of our leased assets by (i) evaluating each potential acquisition of real estate to determine whether it meets our business objective to invest primarily in high-demand markets with limited supply of available space, (ii) directly managing our leased properties, conducting frequent property inspections, proactively addressing potential maintenance issues before they arise, and timely resolving any occurring issues, and (iii) carefully selecting our tenants and monitoring their credit quality throughout their respective lease terms.
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5. LEASES (continued)
Leases in which we are the lessee
Operating lease agreements
We have operating lease agreements in which we are the lessee consisting of ground and office leases. Certain of these leases have options to extend or terminate the contract terms upon meeting certain criteria. There are no notable restrictions or covenants imposed by the leases, nor guarantees of residual value.
We recognize a right-of-use asset, which is classified within other assets in our consolidated balance sheets, and a related liability, which is classified within accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets, to account for our future obligations under ground and office lease arrangements in which we are the lessee. Refer to the “Lessee accounting” subsection of the “Lease accounting” section in Note 2 – “Summary of significant accounting policies” to our consolidated financial statements.
As of December 31, 2023, the present value of the remaining contractual payments aggregating $848.9 million under our operating lease agreements, including our extension options that we are reasonably certain to exercise, was $382.9 million. Our corresponding operating lease right-of-use assets, adjusted for initial direct leasing costs and other consideration exchanged with the landlord prior to the commencement of the lease, aggregated $516.5 million. As of December 31, 2023, the weighted-average remaining lease term of operating leases in which we are the lessee was approximately 41 years, and the weighted-average discount rate was 4.6%. The weighted-average discount rate is based on the incremental borrowing rate estimated for each lease, which is the interest rate that we estimate we would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term for an amount equal to the lease payments.
Ground lease obligations as of December 31, 2023, included leases for 36 of our properties, which accounted for approximately 9% of our total number of properties. Excluding one ground lease that expires in 2036 related to one operating property with a net book value of $5.7 million as of December 31, 2023, our ground lease obligations have remaining lease terms ranging from approximately 31 to 98 years, including extension options that we are reasonably certain to exercise.
The reconciliation of future lease payments under noncancelable operating leases in which we are the lessee, to the operating lease liability reflected in our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2023 is presented in the table below (in thousands):
| Year | Total | |||||||
| 2024 | $ | 22,611 | ||||||
| 2025 | 22,671 | |||||||
| 2026 | 22,865 | |||||||
| 2027 | 21,944 | |||||||
| 2028 | 21,614 | |||||||
| Thereafter | 737,194 | |||||||
| Total future payments under our operating leases in which we are the lessee | 848,899 | |||||||
| Effect of discounting | (466,016) | |||||||
| Operating lease liability | $ | 382,883 |
Lessee operating costs
Operating lease costs relate to our ground and office leases in which we are the lessee. Ground leases generally require fixed annual rent payments and may also include escalation clauses and renewal options. Our operating lease obligations related to our office leases have remaining terms of up to 13 years, exclusive of extension options. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, our costs for operating leases in which we are the lessee were as follows (in thousands):
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Gross operating lease costs | $ | 39,879 | $ | 36,527 | $ | 28,598 | ||||||||||||||
| Capitalized lease costs | (5,544) | (3,661) | (3,167) | |||||||||||||||||
| Expenses for operating leases in which we are the lessee | $ | 34,335 | $ | 32,866 | $ | 25,431 | ||||||||||||||
For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, amounts paid and classified as operating activities in our consolidated statements of cash flows for leases in which we are the lessee were $32.2 million, $55.2 million, and $24.7 million, respectively. The decrease in 2023 from 2022 primarily relates to a $26.3 million payment made during the three months ended March 31, 2022 in connection with the execution of ground lease extensions at two properties in our Greater Stanford submarket.
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6. CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash consisted of the following as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):
| December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 618,190 | $ | 825,193 | |||||||
| Restricted cash: | |||||||||||
| Funds held in escrow for real estate acquisitions | 37,434 | 30,112 | |||||||||
| Other | 5,147 | 2,670 | |||||||||
| 42,581 | 32,782 | ||||||||||
| Total | $ | 660,771 | $ | 857,975 |
7. INVESTMENTS
We hold investments in publicly traded companies and privately held entities primarily involved in the life science, agtech, and technology industries. As a REIT, we generally limit our ownership of each individual entity’s voting stock to less than 10%. We evaluate each investment to determine whether we have the ability to exercise significant influence, but not control, over an investee. We evaluate investments in which our ownership is equal to or greater than 20%, but less than or equal to 50%, of an investee’s voting stock with a presumption that we have this ability. For our investments in limited partnerships that maintain specific ownership accounts, we presume that such ability exists when our ownership interest exceeds 3% to 5%. In addition to our ownership interest, we consider whether we have a board seat or whether we participate in the investee’s policymaking process, among other criteria, to determine if we have the ability to exert significant influence, but not control, over an investee. If we determine that we have such ability, we account for the investment under the equity method, as described below.
Investments accounted for under the equity method
Under the equity method of accounting, we initially recognize our investment at cost and subsequently adjust the carrying amount of the investment for our share of earnings or losses reported by the investee, distributions received, and other-than-temporary impairments.
As of December 31, 2023, we had nine investments in limited partnerships aggregating $75.5 million that maintain specific ownership accounts for each investor, which were accounted for under the equity method. Our ownership interest in each of these nine investments was greater than 5%.
Investments that do not qualify for the equity method of accounting
For investees over which we determine that we do not have the ability to exercise significant influence or control, we account for each investment depending on whether it is an investment in a (i) publicly traded company, (ii) privately held entity that reports NAV per share, or (iii) privately held entity that does not report NAV per share, as described below.
Investments in publicly traded companies
Our investments in publicly traded companies are classified as investments with readily determinable fair values and are presented at fair value in our consolidated balance sheets, with changes in fair value classified in investment income (loss) in our consolidated statements of operations. The fair values for our investments in publicly traded companies are determined based on sales prices or quotes available on securities exchanges.
Investments in privately held companies
Our investments in privately held entities without readily determinable fair values consist of (i) investments in privately held entities that report NAV per share and (ii) investments in privately held entities that do not report NAV per share. These investments are accounted for as follows:
Investments in privately held entities that report NAV per share
Investments in privately held entities that report NAV per share, such as our privately held investments in limited partnerships, are presented at fair value using NAV as a practical expedient, with changes in fair value classified in investment income (loss) in our consolidated statements of operations. We use NAV per share reported by limited partnerships generally without adjustment, unless we are aware of information indicating that the NAV reported by a limited partnership does not accurately reflect the fair value of the investment at our reporting date.
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7. INVESTMENTS (continued)
Investments in privately held entities that do not report NAV per share
Investments in privately held entities that do not report NAV per share are accounted for using a measurement alternative, under which these investments are measured at cost, adjusted for observable price changes and impairments, with changes classified in investment income (loss) in our consolidated statements of operations.
An observable price arises from an orderly transaction for an identical or similar investment of the same issuer, which is observed by an investor without expending undue cost and effort. Observable price changes result from, among other things, equity transactions of the same issuer executed during the reporting period, including subsequent equity offerings or other reported equity transactions related to the same issuer. To determine whether these transactions are indicative of an observable price change, we evaluate, among other factors, whether these transactions have similar rights and obligations, including voting rights, distribution preferences, and conversion rights to the investments we hold.
Impairment evaluation of equity method investments and investments in privately held entities that do not report NAV per share
We monitor equity method investments and investments in privately held entities that do not report NAV per share for new developments, including operating results, prospects and results of clinical trials, new product initiatives, new collaborative agreements, capital-raising events, and merger and acquisition activities. These investments are evaluated on the basis of a qualitative assessment for indicators of impairment by monitoring the presence of the following triggering events or impairment indicators:
(i)a significant deterioration in the earnings performance, credit rating, asset quality, or business prospects of the investee;
(ii)a significant adverse change in the regulatory, economic, or technological environment of the investee;
(iii)a significant adverse change in the general market condition, including the research and development of technology and products that the investee is bringing or attempting to bring to the market;
(iv)significant concerns about the investee’s ability to continue as a going concern; and/or
(v)a decision by investors to cease providing support or reduce their financial commitment to the investee.
If such indicators are present, we are required to estimate the investment’s fair value and immediately recognize an impairment charge in an amount equal to the investment’s carrying value in excess of its estimated fair value.
Investment income/loss recognition and classification
We recognize both realized and unrealized gains and losses in our consolidated statements of operations, classified in investment income (loss) in our consolidated statements of operations. Unrealized gains and losses represent:
(i)changes in fair value for investments in publicly traded companies;
(ii)changes in NAV for investments in privately held entities that report NAV per share;
(iii)observable price changes for investments in privately held entities that do not report NAV per share; and
(iv)our share of unrealized gains or losses reported by our equity method investees.
Realized gains and losses on our investments represent the difference between proceeds received upon disposition of investments and their historical or adjusted cost basis. For our equity method investments, realized gains and losses represent our share of realized gains or losses reported by the investee. Impairments are realized losses, which result in an adjusted cost basis, and represent charges to reduce the carrying values of investments in privately held entities that do not report NAV per share and equity method investments, if impairments are deemed other than temporary, to their estimated fair value.
Funding commitments to investments in privately held entities that report NAV
We are committed to funding approximately $382.2 million for our investments in privately held entities that report NAV. Our funding commitments expire at various dates over the next 11 years, with a weighted-average expiration of 8.2 years as of December 31, 2023. These investments are not redeemable by us, but we may receive distributions from these investments throughout their terms. Our investments in privately held entities that report NAV generally have expected initial terms in excess of 10 years. The weighted-average remaining term during which these investments are expected to be liquidated was 5.4 years as of December 31, 2023.
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7. INVESTMENTS (continued)
The following tables summarize our investments as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):
| December 31, 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost | Unrealized Gains | Unrealized Losses | Carrying Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Publicly traded companies | $ | 203,467 | $ | 50,377 | $ | (94,278) | $ | 159,566 | |||||||||||||||
| Entities that report NAV | 507,059 | 192,468 | (27,995) | 671,532 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Entities that do not report NAV: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Entities with observable price changes | 97,892 | 77,600 | (1,224) | 174,268 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Entities without observable price changes | 368,654 | — | — | 368,654 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Investments accounted for under the equity method | N/A | N/A | N/A | 75,498 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total investments | $ | 1,177,072 | $ | 320,445 | $ | (123,497) | $ | 1,449,518 |
| December 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost | Unrealized Gains | Unrealized Losses | Carrying Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Publicly traded companies | $ | 210,986 | $ | 96,271 | $ | (100,118) | $ | 207,139 | |||||||||||||||
| Entities that report NAV | 452,391 | 315,071 | (7,710) | 759,752 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Entities that do not report NAV: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Entities with observable price changes | 100,296 | 95,062 | (1,574) | 193,784 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Entities without observable price changes | 388,940 | — | — | 388,940 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Investments accounted for under the equity method | N/A | N/A | N/A | 65,459 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total investments | $ | 1,152,613 | $ | 506,404 | $ | (109,402) | $ | 1,615,074 | |||||||||||||||
Cumulative gains and losses (realized and unrealized) on investments in privately held entities that do not report NAV still held as of December 31, 2023 aggregated to a loss of $50.2 million, which consisted of upward adjustments aggregating $77.6 million, downward adjustments aggregating $1.2 million, and impairments aggregating $126.5 million.
Our investment (loss) income for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 consisted of the following (in thousands):
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Realized gains | $ | 6,078 | (1) | $ | 80,435 | $ | 215,845 | |||||||||||||
| Unrealized (losses) gains | (201,475) | (412,193) | 43,632 | |||||||||||||||||
| Investment (loss) income | $ | (195,397) | $ | (331,758) | $ | 259,477 | ||||||||||||||
(1)Consists of realized gains of $80.6 million, offset by impairment charges of $74.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2023.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, gains and losses on investments in privately held entities that do not report NAV still held as of December 31, 2023 aggregated to a loss of $77.7 million, which consisted of upward adjustments aggregating $16.8 million and downward adjustments and impairments aggregating $94.6 million.
During the year ended December 31, 2022, gains and losses on investments in privately held entities that do not report NAV still held as of December 31, 2022 aggregated to a loss of $18.3 million, which consisted of upward adjustments aggregating $26.3 million and downward adjustments and impairments aggregating $44.6 million.
During the year ended December 31, 2021, gains and losses on investments in privately held entities that do not report NAV still held as of December 31, 2021 aggregated to a loss of $33.3 million, which consisted of upward adjustments aggregating $32.7 million and downward adjustments and impairments aggregating $66.0 million.
Unrealized gains or losses related to investments still held (excluding investments accounted for under the equity method) as of December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 aggregated to losses of $58.8 million and $276.5 million and gains of $109.4 million, respectively.
Our investment loss of $195.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 also included $4.4 million of equity in losses of our equity method investments.
Refer to the “Investments” section in Note 2 – “Summary of significant accounting policies” to our consolidated financial statements for additional information.
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8. OTHER ASSETS
The following table summarizes the components of other assets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):
| December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| Acquired in-place leases | $ | 461,613 | $ | 615,638 | |||||||
| Deferred compensation plan | 40,365 | 33,534 | |||||||||
| Deferred financing costs – unsecured senior line of credit | 30,897 | 31,747 | |||||||||
| Deposits | 25,863 | 20,805 | |||||||||
| Furniture, fixtures, and equipment | 26,560 | 23,186 | |||||||||
| Net investment in direct financing lease | 40,097 | 39,352 | |||||||||
| Notes receivable | 15,841 | 19,875 | |||||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use assets | 516,452 | 558,255 | |||||||||
| Other assets | 88,453 | 80,724 | |||||||||
| Prepaid expenses | 30,969 | 28,294 | |||||||||
| Property, plant, and equipment | 144,784 | 148,530 | |||||||||
| Total | $ | 1,421,894 | $ | 1,599,940 |
9. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
We provide fair value information about all financial instruments for which it is practicable to estimate fair value. We measure and disclose the estimated fair value of financial assets and liabilities by utilizing a fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between data obtained from sources independent of the reporting entity and the reporting entity’s own assumptions about market participant assumptions. This hierarchy consists of three broad levels, as follows: (i) quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1), (ii) significant other observable inputs (Level 2), and (iii) significant unobservable inputs (Level 3). Significant other observable inputs can include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, as well as inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, such as interest rates, foreign exchange rates, and yield curves. Significant unobservable inputs are typically based on an entity’s own assumptions, since there is little, if any, related market activity. In instances in which the determination of the fair value measurement is based on inputs from different levels of the fair value hierarchy, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the entire fair value measurement falls is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset or liability.
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
The following table sets forth the assets that we measure at fair value on a recurring basis by level in the fair value hierarchy (in thousands). There were no liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. In addition, there were no transfers of assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis to or from Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy during the year ended December 31, 2023.
| Fair Value Measurement Using | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | Total | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments in publicly traded companies: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As of December 31, 2023 | $ | 159,566 | $ | 159,566 | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| As of December 31, 2022 | $ | 207,139 | $ | 207,139 | $ | — | $ | — |
Our investments in publicly traded companies represent investments with readily determinable fair values, and are carried at fair value, with changes in fair value classified in investment income in our consolidated financial statements. We also hold investments in privately held entities, which consist of (i) investments that report NAV, and (ii) investments that do not report NAV, as further described below.
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9. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (continued)
Our investments in privately held entities that report NAV, such as our privately held investments in limited partnerships, are carried at fair value using NAV as a practical expedient, with changes in fair value classified in net income. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the carrying values of investments in privately held entities that report NAV aggregated $671.5 million and $759.8 million, respectively. These investments are excluded from the fair value hierarchy above as required by the fair value accounting standards. We estimate the fair value of each of our investments in limited partnerships based on the most recent NAV reported by each limited partnership. As a result, the determination of fair values of our investments in privately held entities that report NAV generally does not involve significant estimates, assumptions, or judgments.
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis
The following table sets forth the assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis by level within the fair value hierarchy as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands).
| Fair Value Measurement Using | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | Carrying Amount | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Real estate assets held for sale with carrying values adjusted to fair value less costs to sell | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As of December 31, 2023 | $ | 133,885 | (1) | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 133,885 | (2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As of December 31, 2022 | $ | 116,061 | (1) | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 116,061 | (2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments in privately held entities that do not report NAV | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As of December 31, 2023 | $ | 188,689 | $ | — | $ | 174,268 | (3) | $ | 14,421 | (4) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As of December 31, 2022 | $ | 212,262 | $ | — | $ | 193,784 | (3) | $ | 18,478 | (4) |
(1)These amounts are included in the total balances of our net assets classified as held for sale aggregating $191.4 million and $116.1 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, disclosed in Note 18 – “Assets classified as held for sale,” and represent assets held for sale as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, for which impairments were recognized. Refer to Note 3 – “Investments in real estate” and Note 18 – “Assets classified as held for sale” to our consolidated financial statements for additional information.
(2)Represent aggregate carrying amounts of assets held for sale after adjustments to their respective fair values less costs to sell based on executed purchase and sale agreements, letters of intent, or valuations provided by third party real estate brokers.
(3)These amounts represent the total carrying amounts of our equity investments in privately held entities with observable price changes, which are included in the investments balances of $1.4 billion and $1.6 billion, in our consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, disclosed in Note 7 – “Investments” to our consolidated financial statements.
(4)These amounts are included in the investments in privately held entities without observable price changes balances aggregating $368.7 million and $388.9 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, disclosed in Note 7 – “Investments” to our consolidated financial statements. The aforementioned balances represent the carrying amounts of investments in privately held entities that do not report NAV for which impairments have been recognized in accordance with the measurement alternative guidance described in the “Investments” section in Note 2 – “Summary of significant accounting policies” to our consolidated financial statements.
Real estate assets classified as held for sale measured at fair value less cost to sell
Our real estate assets classified held for sale and measured at fair value less costs to sell are presented in the table above. These properties are subsets of our total real estate assets classified as held for sale as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The fair values for these real estate assets were estimated based on negotiated sales prices or valuations provided by third-party real estate brokers. Refer to the “Investments in real estate” section within Note 2 – “Summary of significant accounting policies” and Note 18 – “Assets classified as held for sale” to our consolidated financial statements for additional information.
Investments in privately held entities that do not report NAV
Our investments in privately held entities that do not report NAV are measured at cost, adjusted for observable price changes and impairments, with changes recognized in net income. These investments are adjusted based on the observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or similar investment of the same issuer. Further adjustments are not made until another observable transaction occurs. Therefore, the determination of fair values of our investments in privately held entities that do not report NAV does not involve significant estimates and assumptions or subjective and complex judgments.
We also subject our investments in privately held entities that do not report NAV to a qualitative assessment for indicators of impairment. If indicators of impairment are present, we are required to estimate the investment’s fair value and immediately recognize an impairment charge in an amount equal to the investment’s carrying value in excess of its estimated fair value.
F-39
9. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (continued)
The estimates of fair value typically incorporate valuation techniques that include an income approach reflecting a discounted cash flow analysis, and a market approach that includes a comparative analysis of acquisition multiples and pricing multiples generated by market participants. In certain instances, we may use multiple valuation techniques for a particular investment and estimate its fair value based on an average of multiple valuation results.
Refer to Note 7 – “Investments” to our consolidated financial statements for additional information.
Assets and liabilities not measured at fair value in the statement of financial position but for which the fair value is disclosed
The fair values of our secured notes payable and unsecured senior notes payable, and the amounts outstanding on our unsecured senior line of credit and commercial paper program, were estimated using widely accepted valuation techniques, including discounted cash flow analyses using significant other observable inputs such as available market information on discount and borrowing rates with similar terms, maturities, and credit ratings. Because the valuations of our financial instruments are based on these types of estimates, the actual fair value of our financial instruments may differ materially if our estimates do not prove to be accurate. Additionally, the use of different market assumptions or estimation methods may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts.
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the book and estimated fair values of our secured notes payable and unsecured senior notes payable and the amounts outstanding under our unsecured senior line of credit and commercial paper program, including the level within the fair value hierarchy for which the estimates were derived, were as follows (in thousands):
| December 31, 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Book Value | Fair Value Hierarchy | Estimated Fair Value | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secured notes payable | $ | 119,662 | $ | — | $ | 118,660 | $ | — | $ | 118,660 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Unsecured senior notes payable | $ | 11,096,028 | $ | — | $ | 9,708,930 | $ | — | $ | 9,708,930 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Unsecured senior line of credit | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial paper program | $ | 99,952 | $ | — | $ | 99,915 | $ | — | $ | 99,915 |
| December 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Book Value | Fair Value Hierarchy | Estimated Fair Value | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secured notes payable | $ | 59,045 | $ | — | $ | 58,811 | $ | — | $ | 58,811 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Unsecured senior notes payable | $ | 10,100,717 | $ | — | $ | 8,539,015 | $ | — | $ | 8,539,015 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Unsecured senior line of credit | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial paper program | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — |
The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, tenant receivables, deposits, notes receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other short-term liabilities approximate their fair value.
F-40
10. SECURED AND UNSECURED SENIOR DEBT
The following table summarizes our outstanding indebtedness and respective principal payments as of December 31, 2023 (dollars in thousands):
| Stated Rate | Interest Rate (1) | Maturity Date (2) | Principal Payments Remaining for the Periods Ending December 31, | Unamortized (Deferred Financing Cost), (Discount) Premium | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | Thereafter | Principal | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secured notes payable | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Greater Boston(3) | SOFR+2.70 | % | 8.38 | % | 11/19/26 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 119,674 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 119,674 | $ | (631) | $ | 119,043 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| San Francisco Bay Area | 6.50 | % | 6.50 | 7/1/36 | 32 | 34 | 36 | 38 | 41 | 438 | 619 | — | 619 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secured debt weighted-average interest rate/subtotal | 8.37 | 32 | 34 | 119,710 | 38 | 41 | 438 | 120,293 | (631) | 119,662 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unsecured senior line of credit and commercial paper program(4) | (4) | 5.76 | (4) | 1/22/28 | (4) | (4) | — | — | — | 100,000 | — | (4) | 100,000 | (48) | 99,952 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unsecured senior notes payable | 3.45 | % | 3.62 | 4/30/25 | — | 600,000 | — | — | — | — | 600,000 | (1,181) | 598,819 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unsecured senior notes payable | 4.30 | % | 4.50 | 1/15/26 | — | — | 300,000 | — | — | — | 300,000 | (1,022) | 298,978 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unsecured senior notes payable | 3.80 | % | 3.96 | 4/15/26 | — | — | 350,000 | — | — | — | 350,000 | (1,143) | 348,857 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unsecured senior notes payable | 3.95 | % | 4.13 | 1/15/27 | — | — | — | 350,000 | — | — | 350,000 | (1,574) | 348,426 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unsecured senior notes payable | 3.95 | % | 4.07 | 1/15/28 | — | — | — | — | 425,000 | — | 425,000 | (1,733) | 423,267 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unsecured senior notes payable | 4.50 | % | 4.60 | 7/30/29 | — | — | — | — | — | 300,000 | 300,000 | (1,248) | 298,752 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unsecured senior notes payable | 2.75 | % | 2.87 | 12/15/29 | — | — | — | — | — | 400,000 | 400,000 | (2,473) | 397,527 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unsecured senior notes payable | 4.70 | % | 4.81 | 7/1/30 | — | — | — | — | — | 450,000 | 450,000 | (2,425) | 447,575 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unsecured senior notes payable | 4.90 | % | 5.05 | 12/15/30 | — | — | — | — | — | 700,000 | 700,000 | (5,511) | 694,489 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unsecured senior notes payable | 3.375 | % | 3.48 | 8/15/31 | — | — | — | — | — | 750,000 | 750,000 | (4,990) | 745,010 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unsecured senior notes payable | 2.00 | % | 2.12 | 5/18/32 | — | — | — | — | — | 900,000 | 900,000 | (7,887) | 892,113 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unsecured senior notes payable | 1.875 | % | 1.97 | 2/1/33 | — | — | — | — | — | 1,000,000 | 1,000,000 | (7,976) | 992,024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unsecured senior notes payable | 2.95 | % | 3.07 | 3/15/34 | — | — | — | — | — | 800,000 | 800,000 | (7,989) | 792,011 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unsecured senior notes payable | 4.75 | % | 4.88 | 4/15/35 | — | — | — | — | — | 500,000 | 500,000 | (5,411) | 494,589 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unsecured senior notes payable | 4.85 | % | 4.93 | 4/15/49 | — | — | — | — | — | 300,000 | 300,000 | (2,987) | 297,013 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unsecured senior notes payable | 4.00 | % | 3.91 | 2/1/50 | — | — | — | — | — | 700,000 | 700,000 | 10,111 | 710,111 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unsecured senior notes payable | 3.00 | % | 3.08 | 5/18/51 | — | — | — | — | — | 850,000 | 850,000 | (11,608) | 838,392 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unsecured senior notes payable | 3.55 | % | 3.63 | 3/15/52 | — | — | — | — | — | 1,000,000 | 1,000,000 | (14,112) | 985,888 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unsecured senior notes payable | 5.15 | % | 5.26 | 4/15/53 | — | — | — | — | — | 500,000 | 500,000 | (7,813) | 492,187 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unsecured debt weighted-average interest rate/subtotal | 3.67 | — | 600,000 | 650,000 | 350,000 | 525,000 | 9,150,000 | 11,275,000 | (79,020) | 11,195,980 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average interest rate/total | 3.72 | % | $ | 32 | $ | 600,034 | $ | 769,710 | $ | 350,038 | $ | 525,041 | $ | 9,150,438 | $ | 11,395,293 | $ | (79,651) | $ | 11,315,642 |
(1)Represents the weighted-average interest rate as of the end of the applicable period, including amortization of loan fees, amortization of debt premiums (discounts), and other bank fees.
(2)Reflects any extension options that we control.
(3)Represents a secured construction loan held by our consolidated real estate joint venture at 99 Coolidge Avenue, of which we own a 75.0% interest. As of December 31, 2023, this joint venture has $75.6 million available under existing lender commitments. The interest rate shall be reduced from SOFR+2.70% to SOFR+2.10% over time upon the completion of certain leasing, construction, and financial covenant milestones.
(4)Refer to “$5.0 billion unsecured senior line of credit” and “$2.5 billion commercial paper program” on the following page.
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10. SECURED AND UNSECURED SENIOR DEBT (continued)
The following table summarizes our secured and unsecured senior debt and amounts outstanding under our unsecured senior line of credit and commercial paper program as of December 31, 2023 (dollars in thousands):
| Fixed-Rate Debt | Variable-Rate Debt | Weighted-Average | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest Rate(1) | Remaining Term (in years) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | Percentage | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secured notes payable | $ | 619 | $ | 119,043 | $ | 119,662 | 1.1 | % | 8.37 | % | 2.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unsecured senior notes payable | 11,096,028 | — | 11,096,028 | 98.0 | 3.65 | 13.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unsecured senior line of credit and commercial paper program | — | 99,952 | 99,952 | (2) | 0.9 | 5.76 | (2) | 4.1 | (3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total/weighted average | $ | 11,096,647 | $ | 218,995 | $ | 11,315,642 | 100.0 | % | 3.72 | % | 12.8 | (3) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Percentage of total debt | 98.1 | % | 1.9 | % | 100 | % |
(1)Represents the weighted-average interest rate as of the end of the applicable period, including expense/income related to the amortization of loan fees, amortization of debt premiums (discounts), and other bank fees.
(2)As of December 31, 2023, we had no outstanding balance on our unsecured senior line of credit and $100.0 million of commercial paper notes outstanding.
(3)We calculate the weighted-average remaining term of our commercial paper notes by using the maturity date of our unsecured senior line of credit. Using the maturity date of our outstanding commercial paper notes, the consolidated weighted-average maturity of our debt is 12.7 years. The commercial paper notes sold during the year ended December 31, 2023 were issued at a weighted-average yield to maturity of 5.55% and had a weighted-average maturity term of 11 days.
Unsecured senior notes payable
In February 2023, we opportunistically issued $1.0 billion of unsecured senior notes payable with a weighted-average interest rate of 4.95% and a weighted-average maturity of 21.2 years. The unsecured senior notes consisted of $500.0 million of 4.75% unsecured senior notes due 2035 and $500.0 million of 5.15% unsecured senior notes due 2053.
$5.0 billion unsecured senior line of credit
In June 2023, we amended our unsecured senior line of credit to increase the aggregate commitments available for borrowing to $5.0 billion from $4.0 billion. As of December 31, 2023, we had no outstanding balance on our unsecured line of credit.
Based upon our ability to achieve certain sustainability targets, as described in our unsecured senior line of credit agreement, the interest rate and facility fee rate are subject to adjustments of up to four and one basis points, respectively. Upon meeting certain annual sustainability targets, our borrowing rate for a one-year period was reduced by four basis points to SOFR plus 0.835%, from SOFR plus 0.875%, and the facility fee was reduced by one basis point to 0.14% from 0.15% during the year ended December 31, 2023.
$2.5 billion co****mmercial paper program
In July 2023, we increased the aggregate amount we may issue from time to time under our commercial paper program to $2.5 billion from $2.0 billion.
Our commercial paper program provides us with the ability to issue up to $2.5 billion of commercial paper notes that bear interest at short-term fixed rates with a maturity of generally 30 days or less and a maximum maturity of 397 days from the date of issuance. Our commercial paper program is backed by our unsecured senior line of credit, and at all times we expect to retain a minimum undrawn amount of borrowing capacity under our unsecured senior line of credit equal to any outstanding notes issued under our commercial paper program. We use the net proceeds from the issuances of the notes for general working capital and other general corporate purposes. General corporate purposes may include, but are not limited to, the repayment of other debt and selective development, redevelopment, or acquisition of properties. The commercial paper notes sold during the year ended December 31, 2023 were issued at a weighted-average yield to maturity of 5.55% and had a weighted-average maturity term of 11 days. As of December 31, 2023, we had $100.0 million of commercial paper notes outstanding.
Interest expense
The following table summarizes interest expense for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 (in thousands):
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Interest incurred | $ | 438,182 | $ | 372,848 | $ | 312,806 | ||||||||||||||
| Capitalized interest | (363,978) | (278,645) | (170,641) | |||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | $ | 74,204 | $ | 94,203 | $ | 142,165 |
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11. ACCOUNTS PAYABLE, ACCRUED EXPENSES, AND OTHER LIABILITIES
The following table summarizes the components of accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):
| December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued expenses | $ | 524,439 | $ | 389,741 | |||||||
| Accrued construction | 606,333 | 624,440 | |||||||||
| Acquired below-market leases | 322,040 | 417,656 | |||||||||
| Conditional asset retirement obligations | 53,083 | 52,723 | |||||||||
| Deferred rent liabilities | 15,183 | 18,321 | |||||||||
| Operating lease liability | 382,883 | 406,700 | |||||||||
| Unearned rent and tenant security deposits | 548,529 | 449,622 | |||||||||
| Other liabilities | 158,453 | (1) | 112,056 | ||||||||
| Total | $ | 2,610,943 | $ | 2,471,259 |
(1)Balance as of December 31, 2023 includes a $35.3 million liability related to the acquisition of our partner’s partial noncontrolling interest in one of our real estate joint ventures, which was paid in full in January 2024. Refer to Note 19 – “Subsequent events” for additional information.
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, our conditional asset retirement obligations liability primarily consisted of the soil and groundwater remediation liabilities associated with certain of our properties. Some of our properties may contain asbestos or may be subjected to other hazardous or toxic substances, which, under certain conditions, requires remediation. We engage independent environmental consultants to conduct Phase I or similar environmental assessments at our properties. This type of assessment generally includes a site inspection, interviews, and a public records review; asbestos, lead-based paint, and mold surveys; subsurface sampling; and other testing. We recognize a liability for the fair value of a conditional asset retirement obligation (including asbestos) when the fair value of the liability can be reasonably estimated. In addition, environmental laws and regulations subject our tenants, and potentially us, to liability that may result from our tenants’ routine handling of hazardous substances and wastes as part of their operations at our properties. These assessments and investigations of our properties have not to date revealed any additional environmental liability we believe would have a material adverse effect on our business and financial statements or that would require additional disclosures or recognition in our consolidated financial statements.
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12. EARNINGS PER SHARE
From time to time, we enter into forward equity sales agreements, which are discussed in Note 15 – “Stockholders’ equity” to our consolidated financial statements. We consider the potential dilution resulting from the forward equity sales agreements on the EPS calculations. At inception, the agreements do not have an effect on the computation of basic EPS as no shares are delivered until settlement. The common shares issued upon the settlement of the forward equity sales agreements, weighted for the period these common shares were outstanding, are included in the denominator of basic EPS. To determine the dilution resulting from the forward equity sales agreements during the period of time prior to settlement, we calculate the number of weighted-average shares outstanding – diluted using the treasury stock method.
We account for unvested restricted stock awards that contain nonforfeitable rights to dividends as participating securities and include these securities in the computation of EPS using the two-class method. Our forward equity sales agreements are not participating securities and are therefore not included in the computation of EPS using the two-class method. Under the two-class method, we allocate net income (after amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests) to common stockholders and unvested restricted stock awards by using the weighted-average shares of each class outstanding for quarter-to-date and year-to-date periods independently, based on their respective participation rights to dividends declared (or accumulated) and undistributed earnings.
The table below reconciles the numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted EPS computations for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 (in thousands, except per share amounts):
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 280,994 | $ | 670,701 | $ | 654,282 | |||||||||||
| Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (177,355) | (149,041) | (83,035) | ||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to unvested restricted stock awards | (11,195) | (8,392) | (7,848) | ||||||||||||||
| Numerator for basic and diluted EPS – net income attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders | $ | 92,444 | $ | 513,268 | $ | 563,399 | |||||||||||
| Denominator for basic EPS – weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding | 170,909 | 161,659 | 146,921 | ||||||||||||||
| Dilutive effect of forward equity sales agreements | — | — | 539 | ||||||||||||||
| Denominator for diluted EPS – weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding | 170,909 | 161,659 | 147,460 | ||||||||||||||
| Net income per share attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders: | |||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | 0.54 | $ | 3.18 | $ | 3.83 | |||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | 0.54 | $ | 3.18 | $ | 3.82 |
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13. INCOME TAXES
We have elected to be taxed as a REIT, under the Code. We believe we have qualified and continue to qualify as a REIT. Under the Code, a REIT that distributes at least 90% of its REIT taxable income to its stockholders annually and meets certain other conditions is not subject to federal income taxes, but could be subject to certain state, local, and foreign taxes. We distribute 100% of our taxable income annually; therefore, a provision for federal income taxes is not required.
We distributed all of our REIT taxable income in 2022 and 2021 and, as a result, did not incur federal income tax in those years on such income. For the year ended December 31, 2023, we expect to distribute all of our REIT taxable income and, as a result, do not expect to incur federal income tax. We expect to finalize our 2023 REIT taxable income when we file our 2023 federal income tax return in 2024.
The income tax treatment of distributions and dividends declared on our common stock for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 was as follows (unaudited):
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| Ordinary income | 87.8 | % | 57.4 | % | 46.3 | % | |||||||||||
| Return of capital | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Capital gains at 25% | 0.2 | 8.1 | 3.8 | ||||||||||||||
| Capital gains at 20% | 12.0 | 34.5 | 49.9 | ||||||||||||||
| Total | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | |||||||||||
| Dividends declared | $ | 4.96 | $ | 4.72 | $ | 4.48 |
Beginning in 2018, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 added Section 199A to allow for a new tax deduction based on certain qualified business income. Section 199A provides eligible individual taxpayers a deduction of up to 20% of their qualified REIT dividends.
Our dividends declared in a given quarter are generally paid during the subsequent quarter. The taxability information presented above for our dividends paid in 2023 is based upon management’s estimate. Our federal tax return for 2023 is due on or before October 15, 2024, assuming we file for an extension of the due date. Our federal tax returns for previous tax years have not been examined by the IRS. Consequently, the taxability of distributions and dividends is subject to change.
In addition to our REIT tax returns, we file federal, state, and local tax returns for our subsidiaries. We file with jurisdictions located in the U.S., Canada, China, and other international locations and may be subject to audits, assessments, or other actions by local taxing authorities. We recognize tax benefits of uncertain tax positions only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained, based solely on its technical merits, with the taxing authority having full knowledge of all relevant information. The measurement of a tax benefit for an uncertain tax position that meets the “more likely than not” threshold is based on a cumulative probability model under which the largest amount of tax benefit recognized is the amount with a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information.
As of December 31, 2023, there were no material unrecognized tax benefits. We do not anticipate a significant change to the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits within the next 12 months.
Interest expense and penalties, if any, are recognized in the first period during which the interest or penalties begin accruing, according to the provisions of the relevant tax law at the applicable statutory rate of interest. We did not incur any significant tax-related interest expense or penalties for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021.
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13. INCOME TAXES (continued)
The following reconciles net income (determined in accordance with GAAP) to taxable income as filed with the IRS for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands and unaudited):
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 670,701 | $ | 654,282 | ||||||||||
| Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (149,041) | (83,035) | ||||||||||||
| Book/tax differences: | ||||||||||||||
| Rental revenue recognition | (6,824) | (23,306) | ||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 225,319 | 153,382 | ||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | 45,656 | 34,265 | ||||||||||||
| Interest expense | (104,519) | (79,907) | ||||||||||||
| Sales of property | (330,820) | (100,449) | ||||||||||||
| Impairments | 26,322 | 23,130 | ||||||||||||
| Non-real estate investments loss | 369,021 | 42,908 | ||||||||||||
| Other | 10,653 | 33,446 | ||||||||||||
| Taxable income before dividend deduction | 756,468 | 654,716 | ||||||||||||
| Dividend deduction necessary to eliminate taxable income(1) | (756,468) | (654,716) | ||||||||||||
| Estimated income subject to federal income tax | $ | — | $ | — |
(1)Total common stock dividend distributions paid were approximately $757.7 million and $656.0 million during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
14. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Employee retirement savings plan
We have a retirement savings plan pursuant to Section 401(k) of the Code whereby our employees may contribute a portion of their compensation to their respective retirement accounts in an amount not to exceed the maximum allowed under the Code. In addition to employee contributions, we have elected to provide company discretionary profit-sharing contributions (subject to statutory limitations), which amounted to approximately $8.6 million, $8.7 million, and $5.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. Employees who participate in the plan are immediately vested in their contributions and in the contributions made on their behalf by the Company.
Concentration of credit risk
We maintain our cash and cash equivalents at insured financial institutions. The combined account balances at each institution periodically exceed the FDIC insurance coverage of $250,000, and, as a result, there is a concentration of credit risk related to amounts in excess of FDIC insurance coverage. We have not experienced any losses to date on our invested cash.
Our rental revenue is generated by a diverse array of many tenants. As of December 31, 2023, we had over 1,000 leases. The inability of any single tenant to make its lease payments is unlikely to have a severe or financially disruptive effect on our operations. As of December 31, 2023, our three largest tenants accounted for 5.7%, 4.3%, and 3.1% of our aggregate annual rental revenue individually, or 13.1% in the aggregate.
Commitments
As of December 31, 2023, remaining aggregate costs under contract for the construction of properties undergoing development, redevelopment, and improvements under the terms of leases approximated $1.9 billion. We expect payments for these obligations to occur over one to three years, subject to capital planning adjustments from time to time. We may have the ability to cease the construction of certain properties, which would result in the reduction of our commitments.
In addition, we have letters of credit and performance obligations aggregating $29.5 million primarily related to deposits for acquisitions in our Greater Boston and San Francisco Bay Area markets.
We are committed to funding approximately $413.6 million related to our non-real estate investments. These funding commitments are primarily associated with our investments in privately held entities that report NAV, which expire at various dates over the next 11 years, with a weighted-average expiration of 8.2 years as of December 31, 2023.
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15. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Common equity transactions
During the three months ended December 31, 2023, we settled our forward equity sales agreements that were outstanding as of December 31, 2022, by issuing 699 thousand shares of common stock, for which we received net proceeds of $104.3 million.
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
The change in accumulated other comprehensive loss attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s stockholders during the year ended December 31, 2023 was entirely due to net unrealized gains of $4.9 million on foreign currency translation related to our operations primarily in Canada.
Common stock, preferred stock, and excess stock authorizations
Our charter authorizes the issuance of 400.0 million shares of common stock, of which 171.9 million shares were issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023. Our charter also authorizes the issuance of up to 100.0 million shares of preferred stock, none of which were issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023. In addition, 200.0 million shares of “excess stock” (as defined in our charter) are authorized, none of which were issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023.
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16. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION
Stock award and incentive plan
For the purpose of attracting and retaining the highest-quality personnel, providing for additional incentives, and promoting the success of our Company, we generally issue share-based compensation in the form of restricted stock, pursuant to our stock award and incentive plan. We have not granted any options since 2002. Each restricted share issued reduced our share reserve by three shares (3:1 ratio) prior to March 23, 2018 and by one share (1:1 ratio) on and after March 23, 2018. As of December 31, 2023, there were 2,708,800 shares reserved for the granting of future stock-based awards under our stock award and incentive plan.
In addition, our stock award and incentive plan permits us to issue share awards to our employees, non-employees, and non-employee directors. A share award is an award of common stock that (i) may be fully vested upon issuance or (ii) may be subject to the risk of forfeiture under Section 83 of the Code. Shares issued generally vest over a four-year period from the date of issuance, and the sale of the shares is restricted prior to the date of vesting. Certain restricted share awards are also subject to an additional one-year holding period after vesting. The unearned portion of time-based share awards is amortized as share-based compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. Certain restricted share awards are subject to vesting based upon the satisfaction of levels of performance or market conditions. Failure to satisfy the threshold performance conditions will result in the forfeiture of shares and in a reversal of previously recognized share-based compensation expense. Failure to satisfy the market condition results in the forfeiture of shares but does not result in a reversal of previously recognized share-based compensation expense, provided that the requisite service has been rendered. Forfeiture of time-based, performance-based, or market-based awards due to the failure to meet the service requirement results in the reversal of previously recognized share-based compensation expense.
The following is a summary of the stock awards activity under our equity incentive plan and related information for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 (dollars in thousands, except per share information):
| Number of Share Awards | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding at December 31, 2020 | 1,825,280 | $ | 132.95 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Granted | 740,920 | $ | 174.32 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vested | (709,737) | $ | 131.54 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Forfeited | (33,003) | $ | 99.55 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding at December 31, 2021 | 1,823,460 | $ | 150.89 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Granted | 1,032,731 | $ | 141.58 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vested | (749,101) | $ | 146.25 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Forfeited | (19,569) | $ | 160.83 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding at December 31, 2022 | 2,087,521 | $ | 149.96 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Granted | 1,522,058 | $ | 108.22 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vested | (798,729) | $ | 149.41 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Forfeited | (56,689) | $ | 104.65 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding at December 31, 2023 | 2,754,161 | $ | 127.34 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total grant date fair value of stock awards vested | $ | 119,335 | $ | 109,557 | $ | 93,359 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total gross compensation recognized for stock awards | $ | 139,675 | $ | 104,424 | $ | 94,748 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Capitalized stock compensation | $ | 56,817 | $ | 46,684 | $ | 46,079 |
Certain restricted stock awards granted during 2023, 2022, and 2021 are subject to performance and market conditions. The grant date fair value of these awards is determined using a Monte Carlo simulation pricing model using the following assumptions for 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively: (i) expected term of 3.0 years, 2.8 years, and 3.0 years (equal to the remaining performance measurement period at the grant date), (ii) volatility of 32.0%, 30.0%, and 29.0% (approximating a blended average of implied and historical volatilities), (iii) dividend yield of 2.8%, 2.5%, and 2.8%, and (iv) risk-free rate of 4.22%, 2.47%, and 0.23%.
As of December 31, 2023, there was $260.4 million of unrecognized compensation related to unvested share awards under the equity incentive plan, which is expected to be recognized over the next four years and has a weighted-average vesting period of approximately 22 months.
F-48
16. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION (continued)
Departure of executive officers
Effective on September 15, 2023 and December 29, 2023, respectively, Dean A. Shigenaga resigned from his roles as President and Chief Financial Officer and John H. Cunningham resigned from his role as Executive Vice President – Regional Market Director – New York City. Mr. Shigenaga continued to assist the Company as a full-time employee through December 31, 2023.
Mr. Shigenaga’s and Mr. Cunningham’s unvested stock awards will continue to vest pursuant to the original terms effective on each respective grant date. In accordance with the applicable share-based compensation accounting standards, we accelerated the recognition of unamortized compensation expense of approximately $15.6 million and $4.6 million for Mr. Shigenaga and Mr. Cunningham, respectively, through the end of 2023, corresponding with the conclusion of their substantive service periods. This expense was classified in general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023.
17. NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS
Noncontrolling interests represent the third-party interests in certain entities in which we have a controlling interest. As of December 31, 2023, these entities owned 68 properties, which are included in our consolidated financial statements. Noncontrolling interests are adjusted for additional contributions and distributions, the proportionate share of the net earnings or losses, and other comprehensive income or loss. Distributions, profits, and losses related to these entities are allocated in accordance with the respective operating agreements. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, we distributed $244.1 million and $192.2 million, respectively, to our consolidated real estate joint venture partners.
Certain of our noncontrolling interests have the right to require us to redeem their ownership interests in the respective entities. We classify these ownership interests in the entities as redeemable noncontrolling interests outside of total equity in our consolidated balance sheets. Redeemable noncontrolling interests are adjusted for additional contributions and distributions, the proportionate share of the net earnings or losses, and other comprehensive income or loss. If the amount of a redeemable noncontrolling interest is less than the maximum redemption value at the balance sheet date, such amount is adjusted to the maximum redemption value. Subsequent declines in the redemption value are recognized only to the extent that previous increases have been recognized.
Refer to Note 4 – “Consolidated and unconsolidated real estate joint ventures” to our consolidated financial statements for additional information.
18. ASSETS CLASSIFIED AS HELD FOR SALE
As of December 31, 2023, we had seven properties and one land parcel aggregating 1.0 million RSF that were classified as held for sale in our consolidated financial statements. For additional information on the sales of real estate assets that were previously classified as held for sale, refer to the “Sales of real estate assets and impairment charges” section in Note 3 – “Investments in real estate” to our consolidated financial statements.
The disposal of properties classified as held for sale does not represent a strategic shift that has (or will have) a major effect on our operations or financials results and therefore does not meet the criteria for classification as a discontinued operation. We cease depreciation of our properties upon their classification as held for sale. Refer to the “Real estate sales” subsection of the “Investments in real estate” section in Note 2 – “Summary of significant accounting policies” for additional information.
The following is a summary of net assets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 for our real estate investments that were classified as held for sale as of each respective date (in thousands):
| December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 194,223 | $ | 117,197 | |||||||
| Total liabilities | (4,750) | (2,034) | |||||||||
| Total accumulated other comprehensive income | 1,960 | 898 | |||||||||
| Net assets classified as held for sale | $ | 191,433 | $ | 116,061 |
F-49
19. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
In January 2024, we completed one acquisition with 300,000 SF of future value-creation opportunities for an aggregate purchase price of $68.0 million in our Greater Boston market.
In January 2024, pursuant to the exercise of a put option by our partner in a consolidated real estate joint venture located in our Greater Boston market, we redeemed our partner’s partial ownership interest in the consolidated real estate joint venture for $35.3 million. Refer to Note 4 – “Consolidated and unconsolidated real estate joint ventures” for additional information.
F-50
SCHEDULE III
Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Schedule III
Consolidated Financial Statement Schedule of Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
December 31, 2023
(Dollars in thousands)
| Initial Costs | Costs Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisitions | Total Costs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Property | Market | Encumbrances | Land | Buildings & Improvements | Buildings & Improvements | Land | Buildings & Improvements | Total(1) | Accumulated Depreciation(2) | Net Cost Basis | Date of Construction(3) | Date Acquired | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alexandria Center® at Kendall Square | Greater Boston | $ | — | $ | 600,178 | $ | 926,555 | $ | 1,947,990 | $ | 600,178 | $ | 2,874,545 | $ | 3,474,723 | $ | (503,555) | $ | 2,971,168 | 1981 - 2023 | 2005 - 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alexandria Center® at One Kendall Square | Greater Boston | — | 405,164 | 576,213 | 1,104,541 | 405,164 | 1,680,754 | 2,085,918 | (223,051) | 1,862,867 | 1985 - 2023 | 2016 - 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alexandria Technology Square® | Greater Boston | — | — | 619,658 | 294,655 | — | 914,313 | 914,313 | (365,871) | 548,442 | 2001 - 2012 | 2006 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The Arsenal on the Charles | Greater Boston | — | 191,797 | 354,611 | 651,853 | 191,797 | 1,006,464 | 1,198,261 | (75,217) | 1,123,044 | 2000 - 2022 | 2019 - 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 480 Arsenal Way and 446, 458, 500, and 550 Arsenal Street | Greater Boston | — | 121,533 | 24,464 | 133,339 | 121,533 | 157,803 | 279,336 | (70,773) | 208,563 | 1962 - 2009 | 2000 - 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 99 Coolidge Avenue | Greater Boston | 119,042 | 43,125 | — | 248,830 | 43,125 | 248,830 | 291,955 | (6) | 291,949 | N/A | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alexandria Center® for Life Science – Fenway | Greater Boston | — | 912,016 | 617,552 | 534,106 | 912,016 | 1,151,658 | 2,063,674 | (58,969) | 2,004,705 | 2019 - 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5, 10, and 15 Necco Street | Greater Boston | — | 277,554 | 55,897 | 356,438 | 277,554 | 412,335 | 689,889 | (7,416) | 682,473 | 2019 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| One Moderna Way | Greater Boston | — | 67,329 | 301,000 | 54,546 | 67,329 | 355,546 | 422,875 | (32,696) | 390,179 | 1999 - 2015 | 2018 - 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alexandria Center® for Life Science – Waltham | Greater Boston | — | 141,629 | 513,901 | 242,869 | 141,629 | 756,770 | 898,399 | (21,848) | 876,551 | 1999 - 2010 | 2020 - 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 19, 215, 225, and 235 Presidential Way | Greater Boston | — | 32,136 | 118,391 | 27,603 | 32,136 | 145,994 | 178,130 | (32,179) | 145,951 | 1999 - 2001 | 2005 - 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | Greater Boston | — | 171,265 | 208,319 | 70,844 | 171,265 | 279,163 | 450,428 | (4,744) | 445,684 | Various | Various | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alexandria Center® for Science and Technology – Mission Bay | San Francisco | — | 213,014 | 218,556 | 668,907 | 213,014 | 887,463 | 1,100,477 | (233,274) | 867,203 | 2007 - 2014 | 2004 - 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alexandria Technology Center® – Gateway | San Francisco | — | 193,004 | 364,078 | 702,904 | 193,004 | 1,066,982 | 1,259,986 | (171,828) | 1,088,158 | 1984 - 2023 | 2002 - 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alexandria Center® for Life Science – Millbrae | San Francisco | — | 69,989 | — | 311,759 | 69,989 | 311,759 | 381,748 | — | 381,748 | N/A | 2021 - 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alexandria Center® for Advanced Technologies – South San Francisco | San Francisco | — | 59,199 | — | 546,295 | 59,199 | 546,295 | 605,494 | (135,948) | 469,546 | 2008 - 2019 | 2004 - 2005 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alexandria Center® for Advanced Technologies – Tanforan | San Francisco | — | 330,154 | 51,145 | 51,161 | 330,154 | 102,306 | 432,460 | (11,051) | 421,409 | 1971 - 2007 | 2021 - 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alexandria Center® for Life Science – South San Francisco | San Francisco | — | 32,245 | 1,287 | 480,347 | 32,245 | 481,634 | 513,879 | (139,392) | 374,487 | 2012 - 2022 | 2002 - 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 500 Forbes Boulevard | San Francisco | — | 35,596 | 69,091 | 22,148 | 35,596 | 91,239 | 126,835 | (35,880) | 90,955 | 2001 | 2007 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alexandria Center® for Life Science – San Carlos | San Francisco | — | 433,634 | 28,323 | 717,671 | 433,634 | 745,994 | 1,179,628 | (86,306) | 1,093,322 | 1970 - 2022 | 2017 - 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3825 and 3875 Fabian Way | San Francisco | — | 194,424 | 54,519 | 14,737 | 194,424 | 69,256 | 263,680 | (11,583) | 252,097 | 1969 - 2014 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alexandria Stanford Life Science District | San Francisco | — | — | 599,401 | 115,138 | — | 714,539 | 714,539 | (62,305) | 652,234 | 2002 - 2022 | 2003 - 2022 |
F-51
SCHEDULE III (continued)
| Initial Costs | Costs Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisitions | Total Costs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Property | Market | Encumbrances | Land | Buildings & Improvements | Buildings & Improvements | Land | Buildings & Improvements | Total(1) | Accumulated Depreciation(2) | Net Cost Basis | Date of Construction(3) | Date Acquired | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3412, 3420, 3440, 3450, and 3460 Hillview Avenue | San Francisco | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 304,318 | $ | 88,966 | $ | — | $ | 393,284 | $ | 393,284 | $ | (19,647) | $ | 373,637 | 1978 - 2018 | 2020 - 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2100, 2200, 2300, and 2400 Geng Road | San Francisco | — | 72,859 | 53,309 | 35,856 | 72,859 | 89,165 | 162,024 | (19,554) | 142,470 | 1984 - 2019 | 2018 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2475 and 2625/2627/2631 Hanover Street and 1450 Page Mill Road | San Francisco | — | — | 187,472 | 12,988 | — | 200,460 | 200,460 | (33,645) | 166,815 | 2000 - 2017 | 1999 - 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2425 Garcia Avenue/2400/2450 Bayshore Parkway | San Francisco | 619 | 1,512 | 21,323 | 26,281 | 1,512 | 47,604 | 49,116 | (27,833) | 21,283 | 2008 | 1999 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3350 West Bayshore Road | San Francisco | — | 4,800 | 6,693 | 45,079 | 4,800 | 51,772 | 56,572 | (13,221) | 43,351 | 1982 | 2005 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 901 California Avenue | San Francisco | — | — | — | 16,419 | — | 16,419 | 16,419 | — | 16,419 | N/A | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 88 Bluxome Street | San Francisco | — | 148,551 | 21,514 | 208,770 | 148,551 | 230,284 | 378,835 | (23,098) | 355,737 | N/A | 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alexandria Center® for Life Science – New York City | New York City | — | — | — | 1,102,566 | — | 1,102,566 | 1,102,566 | (294,190) | 808,376 | 2010 - 2016 | 2006 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alexandria Center® for Life Science – Long Island City | New York City | — | 22,746 | 53,093 | 158,719 | 22,746 | 211,812 | 234,558 | (7,486) | 227,072 | 2022 | 2018 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| One Alexandria Square | San Diego | — | 139,608 | 161,293 | 673,079 | 139,608 | 834,372 | 973,980 | (236,264) | 737,716 | 1995 - 2022 | 1994 - 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| One Alexandria North | San Diego | — | 103,937 | 1,354 | 37,971 | 103,937 | 39,325 | 143,262 | (1,359) | 141,903 | 1980 - 1990 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ARE Torrey Ridge | San Diego | — | 22,124 | 152,840 | 85,391 | 22,124 | 238,231 | 260,355 | (71,018) | 189,337 | 2004 - 2021 | 2016 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ARE Nautilus | San Diego | — | 6,684 | 27,600 | 134,110 | 6,684 | 161,710 | 168,394 | (70,628) | 97,766 | 2009 - 2012 | 1994 - 1997 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Campus Point by Alexandria | San Diego | — | 200,556 | 396,739 | 703,166 | 200,556 | 1,099,905 | 1,300,461 | (218,886) | 1,081,575 | 1988 - 2019 | 2010 - 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5200 Illumina Way | San Diego | — | 39,051 | 96,606 | 200,141 | 39,051 | 296,747 | 335,798 | (81,880) | 253,918 | 2004 - 2017 | 2010 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ARE Esplanade | San Diego | — | 9,682 | 29,991 | 117,777 | 9,682 | 147,768 | 157,450 | (54,787) | 102,663 | 1989 - 2016 | 1998 - 2011 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ARE Towne Centre | San Diego | — | 853 | 5,101 | 60,536 | 853 | 65,637 | 66,490 | (48,747) | 17,743 | 2000 - 2010 | 1999 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 9625 Towne Centre Drive | San Diego | — | 7,686 | 14,586 | 65,762 | 7,686 | 80,348 | 88,034 | (22,945) | 65,089 | 2018 | 2014 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Costa Verde by Alexandria | San Diego | — | 124,070 | — | 26,487 | 124,070 | 26,487 | 150,557 | (476) | 150,081 | 1988 - 1989 | 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SD Tech by Alexandria | San Diego | — | 81,428 | 254,069 | 438,643 | 81,428 | 692,712 | 774,140 | (47,000) | 727,140 | 1988 - 2022 | 2013 - 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sequence District by Alexandria | San Diego | — | 163,610 | 281,389 | 30,101 | 163,610 | 311,490 | 475,100 | (19,262) | 455,838 | 1997 - 2000 | 2020 - 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pacific Technology Park | San Diego | — | 96,796 | 66,660 | 27,088 | 96,796 | 93,748 | 190,544 | (5,903) | 184,641 | 1989 - 1991 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Summers Ridge Science Park | San Diego | — | 21,154 | 102,046 | 4,782 | 21,154 | 106,828 | 127,982 | (16,796) | 111,186 | 2005 | 2018 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Scripps Science Park by Alexandria | San Diego | — | 79,451 | 59,343 | 98,047 | 79,451 | 157,390 | 236,841 | (4,557) | 232,284 | 2001 - 2022 | 2021 - 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ARE Portola | San Diego | — | 6,991 | 25,153 | 41,147 | 6,991 | 66,300 | 73,291 | (24,464) | 48,827 | 2005 - 2012 | 2007 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5810/5820 Nancy Ridge Drive | San Diego | — | 3,492 | 18,285 | 33,468 | 3,492 | 51,753 | 55,245 | (16,763) | 38,482 | 2021 | 2004 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 9877 Waples Street | San Diego | — | 5,092 | 11,908 | 13,289 | 5,092 | 25,197 | 30,289 | (4,101) | 26,188 | 2020 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5871 Oberlin Drive | San Diego | — | 1,349 | 8,016 | 20,511 | 1,349 | 28,527 | 29,876 | (5,174) | 24,702 | 2021 | 2010 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3911, 3931, 3985, 4025, 4031, 4045, and 4075 Sorrento Valley Boulevard | San Diego | — | 18,177 | 42,723 | 38,176 | 18,177 | 80,899 | 99,076 | (42,904) | 56,172 | 2007 - 2015 | 2010 - 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 11045 and 11055 Roselle Street | San Diego | — | 1,386 | 4,288 | 33,803 | 1,386 | 38,091 | 39,477 | (10,414) | 29,063 | 2008 - 2014 | 2000 - 2013 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | San Diego | — | 104,737 | 70,212 | 65,226 | 104,737 | 135,438 | 240,175 | (15,492) | 224,683 | Various | Various |
F-52
SCHEDULE III (continued)
| Initial Costs | Costs Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisitions | Total Costs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Property | Market | Encumbrances | Land | Buildings & Improvements | Buildings & Improvements | Land | Buildings & Improvements | Total(1) | Accumulated Depreciation(2) | Net Cost Basis | Date of Construction(3) | Date Acquired | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The Eastlake Life Science Campus by Alexandria | Seattle | $ | — | $ | 47,230 | $ | 83,012 | $ | 1,017,765 | $ | 47,230 | $ | 1,100,777 | $ | 1,148,007 | $ | (235,838) | $ | 912,169 | 1997 - 2023 | 2002 - 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alexandria Center® for Life Science – South Lake Union | Seattle | — | 229,607 | 1,128 | 425,392 | 229,607 | 426,520 | 656,127 | (51,917) | 604,210 | 1984 - 2017 | 2007 - 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 219 Terry Avenue North | Seattle | — | 1,819 | 2,302 | 20,898 | 1,819 | 23,200 | 25,019 | (9,827) | 15,192 | 2012 | 2007 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 830 and 1010 4th Avenue South | Seattle | — | 52,700 | 12,062 | 15,016 | 52,700 | 27,078 | 79,778 | (1,073) | 78,705 | 1995 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3000/3018 Western Avenue | Seattle | — | 1,432 | 7,497 | 24,890 | 1,432 | 32,387 | 33,819 | (28,629) | 5,190 | 2000 | 1998 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 410 West Harrison Street and 410 Elliott Avenue West | Seattle | — | 3,857 | 1,989 | 20,434 | 3,857 | 22,423 | 26,280 | (10,200) | 16,080 | 2006 - 2008 | 2004 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alexandria Center® for Advanced Technologies – Canyon Park | Seattle | — | 117,302 | 182,213 | 26,146 | 117,302 | 208,359 | 325,661 | (13,803) | 311,858 | 1985 - 2007 | 2021 - 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alexandria Center® for Advanced Technologies – Monte Villa Parkway | Seattle | — | 52,464 | 64,753 | 80,630 | 52,464 | 145,383 | 197,847 | (2,772) | 195,075 | 1994 - 2023 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | Seattle | — | 78,900 | 931 | 24,453 | 78,900 | 25,384 | 104,284 | (942) | 103,342 | Various | Various | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alexandria Center® for Life Science – Shady Grove | Maryland | — | 85,365 | 253,567 | 653,805 | 85,365 | 907,372 | 992,737 | (148,111) | 844,626 | 1998 - 2023 | 2004 - 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1330 Piccard Drive | Maryland | — | 2,800 | 11,533 | 37,915 | 2,800 | 49,448 | 52,248 | (25,154) | 27,094 | 2005 | 1997 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1405 Research Boulevard | Maryland | — | 899 | 21,946 | 15,818 | 899 | 37,764 | 38,663 | (19,356) | 19,307 | 2006 | 1997 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1500 and 1550 East Gude Drive | Maryland | — | 1,523 | 7,731 | 10,709 | 1,523 | 18,440 | 19,963 | (11,916) | 8,047 | 1995 - 2003 | 1997 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5 Research Place | Maryland | — | 1,466 | 5,708 | 31,235 | 1,466 | 36,943 | 38,409 | (19,450) | 18,959 | 2010 | 2001 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5 Research Court | Maryland | — | 1,647 | 13,258 | 24,110 | 1,647 | 37,368 | 39,015 | (18,805) | 20,210 | 2007 | 2004 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 12301 Parklawn Drive | Maryland | — | 1,476 | 7,267 | 1,734 | 1,476 | 9,001 | 10,477 | (4,096) | 6,381 | 2007 | 2004 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alexandria Technology Center® – Gaithersburg I | Maryland | — | 20,980 | 121,952 | 56,847 | 20,980 | 178,799 | 199,779 | (60,439) | 139,340 | 1992 - 2019 | 1997 - 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alexandria Technology Center® – Gaithersburg II | Maryland | — | 17,134 | 67,825 | 108,021 | 17,134 | 175,846 | 192,980 | (47,157) | 145,823 | 2000 - 2021 | 1997 - 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 20400 Century Boulevard | Maryland | — | 3,641 | 4,759 | 26,397 | 3,641 | 31,156 | 34,797 | (3,667) | 31,130 | 2023 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 401 Professional Drive | Maryland | — | 1,129 | 6,941 | 11,666 | 1,129 | 18,607 | 19,736 | (10,023) | 9,713 | 2007 | 1996 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 950 Wind River Lane | Maryland | — | 2,400 | 10,620 | 1,591 | 2,400 | 12,211 | 14,611 | (4,473) | 10,138 | 2009 | 2010 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 620 Professional Drive | Maryland | — | 784 | 4,705 | 8,268 | 784 | 12,973 | 13,757 | (8,531) | 5,226 | 2012 | 2005 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 8000/9000/10000 Virginia Manor Road | Maryland | — | — | 13,679 | 11,706 | — | 25,385 | 25,385 | (13,423) | 11,962 | 2003 | 1998 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 14225 Newbrook Drive | Maryland | — | 4,800 | 27,639 | 22,773 | 4,800 | 50,412 | 55,212 | (23,219) | 31,993 | 2006 | 1997 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alexandria Center® for Life Science – Durham | Research Triangle | — | 190,236 | 471,263 | 252,275 | 190,236 | 723,538 | 913,774 | (52,766) | 861,008 | 1985 - 2023 | 2020 - 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alexandria Center® for Advanced Technologies – Research Triangle | Research Triangle | — | 27,784 | 16,958 | 256,806 | 27,784 | 273,764 | 301,548 | (25,537) | 276,011 | 2007 - 2022 | 2012 - 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alexandria Center® for AgTech | Research Triangle | — | 2,801 | 6,756 | 208,994 | 2,801 | 215,750 | 218,551 | (25,683) | 192,868 | 2018 - 2022 | 2017 - 2018 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alexandria Center® for Sustainable Technologies | Research Triangle | — | 54,908 | 18,849 | 123,255 | 54,908 | 142,104 | 197,012 | (51,203) | 145,809 | 1966 - 2022 | 1998 - 2022 |
F-53
SCHEDULE III (continued)
| Initial Costs | Costs Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisitions | Total Costs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Property | Market | Encumbrances | Land | Buildings & Improvements | Buildings & Improvements | Land | Buildings & Improvements | Total(1) | Accumulated Depreciation(2) | Net Cost Basis | Date of Construction(3) | Date Acquired | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alexandria Technology Center® – Alston | Research Triangle | $ | — | $ | 1,430 | $ | 17,482 | $ | 34,099 | $ | 1,430 | $ | 51,581 | $ | 53,011 | $ | (28,919) | $ | 24,092 | 1985 - 2009 | 1998 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 6040 George Watts Hill Drive | Research Triangle | — | — | — | 88,166 | — | 88,166 | 88,166 | (6,806) | 81,360 | 2015 - 2023 | 2014 - 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alexandria Innovation Center® – Research Triangle | Research Triangle | — | 1,065 | 21,218 | 31,979 | 1,065 | 53,197 | 54,262 | (25,398) | 28,864 | 2005 - 2008 | 2000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2525 East NC Highway 54 | Research Triangle | — | 713 | 12,827 | 20,750 | 713 | 33,577 | 34,290 | (17,078) | 17,212 | 1995 | 2004 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 601 Keystone Park Drive | Research Triangle | — | 785 | 11,546 | 15,846 | 785 | 27,392 | 28,177 | (8,861) | 19,316 | 2009 | 2006 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 6101 Quadrangle Drive | Research Triangle | — | 951 | 3,982 | 12,261 | 951 | 16,243 | 17,194 | (5,064) | 12,130 | 2012 | 2008 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alexandria Center® for NextGen Medicines | Research Triangle | — | 94,184 | — | 10,358 | 94,184 | 10,358 | 104,542 | — | 104,542 | N/A | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Intersection Campus | Texas | — | 159,310 | 440,295 | 39,352 | 159,310 | 479,647 | 638,957 | (23,934) | 615,023 | 2000 - 2019 | 2021 - 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1001 Trinity Street and 1020 Red River Street | Texas | — | 66,451 | 61,732 | 1,333 | 66,451 | 63,065 | 129,516 | (1,942) | 127,574 | 1987 - 1990 | 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alexandria Center® for Advanced Technologies at The Woodlands | Texas | — | 2,116 | 9,784 | 122,047 | 2,116 | 131,831 | 133,947 | (669) | 133,278 | 2002 - 2023 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | Texas | — | 110,867 | 219 | 22,793 | 110,867 | 23,012 | 133,879 | (122) | 133,757 | Various | Various | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Canada | Canada | — | 77,005 | 167,405 | 97,403 | 77,005 | 264,808 | 341,813 | (34,320) | 307,493 | 1989 - 2023 | 2005 - 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Various | Various | — | 340,160 | 229,903 | 173,747 | 340,160 | 403,650 | 743,810 | (157,298) | 586,512 | Various | Various | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| North America | 119,661 | 7,875,488 | 10,606,121 | 18,132,709 | 7,875,488 | 28,738,830 | 36,614,318 | (4,980,807) | 31,633,511 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asia | — | — | — | 4,212 | — | 4,212 | 4,212 | (4,212) | — | 2015 | 2008 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 119,661 | $ | 7,875,488 | $ | 10,606,121 | $ | 18,136,921 | $ | 7,875,488 | $ | 28,743,042 | $ | 36,618,530 | $ | (4,985,019) | $ | 31,633,511 |
F-54
SCHEDULE III (continued)
Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.
Consolidated Financial Statement Schedule of Rental Properties and Accumulated Depreciation
December 31, 2023
(Dollars in thousands)
(1)As of December 31, 2023, the total cost of our real estate assets aggregated $36.6 billion, which exceeded the cost of real estate for federal income tax purposes aggregating $36.1 billion by approximately $483.2 million.
(2)The depreciable life ranges up to 40 years for buildings and improvements, up to 20 years for land improvements, and the term of the respective lease for tenant improvements.
(3)Represents the later of the date of original construction or the date of the latest renovation.
F-55
SCHEDULE III (continued)
Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.
Consolidated Financial Statement Schedule of Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
December 31, 2023
(In thousands)
A summary of activity of consolidated investments in real estate and accumulated depreciation is as follows:
| December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Real Estate | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||||
| Balance at beginning of period | $ | 34,299,503 | $ | 28,751,910 | $ | 21,274,810 | ||||||||||||||
| Acquisitions (including real estate, land, and joint venture consolidation) | 296,694 | 2,722,214 | 5,405,569 | |||||||||||||||||
| Additions to real estate | 3,107,612 | 3,388,478 | 2,267,848 | |||||||||||||||||
| Deductions (including dispositions and direct financing leases) | (1,085,279) | (563,099) | (196,317) | |||||||||||||||||
| Balance at end of period | $ | 36,618,530 | $ | 34,299,503 | $ | 28,751,910 | ||||||||||||||
| December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Accumulated Depreciation | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||||
| Balance at beginning of period | $ | 4,354,063 | $ | 3,771,241 | $ | 3,182,438 | ||||||||||||||
| Depreciation expense on properties | 841,893 | 751,584 | 607,927 | |||||||||||||||||
| Sale of properties | (210,937) | (168,762) | (19,124) | |||||||||||||||||
| Balance at end of period | $ | 4,985,019 | $ | 4,354,063 | $ | 3,771,241 |
F-56
Previous: Item 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES