Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Our primary exposure to market risk is related to our role as general partner or investment adviser to our investment funds and the sensitivity to movements in the fair value of their investments, including the effect on management fees, performance fees and investment income.

The market price of investments may significantly fluctuate during the period of investment. Investments may decline in value due to factors affecting securities markets generally or particular industries represented in the securities markets. The value of an investment may decline due to general market conditions, which are not specifically related to such investment, such as real or perceived adverse economic conditions, changes in the general outlook for corporate earnings, changes in interest or currency rates or adverse investor sentiment generally. They may also decline due to factors that affect a particular industry or industries, such as labor shortages or increased production costs and competitive conditions within an industry.

Our credit orientation has been a central tenet of our business across our debt and equity investment strategies. Our investment professionals benefit from our independent research and relationship networks in over 50 industries, and insights from our portfolio of active investments. We believe the combination of high-quality proprietary information flow and a consistent, rigorous approach to managing investments across our strategies has been, and we believe will continue to be, a major driver of our strong risk-adjusted returns and the stability and predictability of our income.

Effect on Management Fees

Management fees are generally based on a defined percentage of fair value of assets, total commitments, invested capital, net asset value, net investment income, total assets or par value of the investment portfolios we manage. Management fees calculated based on fair value of assets or net investment income are affected by short-term changes in market values.

The overall impact of a short-term change in market value may be mitigated by a number of factors including, but not limited to, fee definitions that are not based on market value including invested capital and committed capital, market value definitions that exclude the impact of realized and/or unrealized gains and losses, market value definitions based on beginning of the period values or a form of average market value including daily, monthly or quarterly averages as well monthly or quarterly payment terms.

As such, an incremental 10% change in fair value of the funds’ investments as of December 31, 2017, would not have a material impact on management fees.

Effect on Performance Fees

We earn performance fees from our funds when such funds achieve specified performance criteria. Our performance fees will be impacted by changes in market risk factors. However, several major factors will influence the degree of impact, including, but not limited to, the following :

As a result, the impact of changes in market risk factors on performance fees will vary widely from fund to fund. An overall increase of 10% in the general equity markets would not necessarily drive the same impact on our funds’ valuations, as many of our investments in our funds are illiquid and do not trade on any exchange. Additionally, as a large percentage of our performance fee income is paid to employees as performance fee compensation, the overall net impact to our income would be mitigated by lower compensation payments. We do not have any material derivatives or other instruments that are directly tied to any particular market’s performance. We had $1.1 billion of accrued performance fees on our balance sheet as of December 31, 2017. We did not record any contingent repayment obligation on accrued performance fees as of December 31, 2017. A 10% decrease in NAV across our funds as of December 31, 2017 would not affect the amount of accrued performance fees subject to contingent repayment.

See Note 11, “Commitments and Contingencies,” to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10‑K for discussion on amount of performance fees, net of tax, subject to contingent repayment if we assumed all existing investments were worthless.

Effect on Investment Income

An investment gain (loss) is realized when we redeem all or a portion of our investment or when we receive cash income, such as dividends or distributions. Unrealized investment gain (loss) results from changes in the fair value of the underlying investment as well as the reversal of unrealized appreciation (depreciation) at the time an investment is realized.

Changes in the fair values of our funds’ investments directly impact investment income. The following table summarizes the incremental impact, including to our Consolidated Funds, of an incremental 10% change in fair value of the funds’ investments by segment as of December 31, 2017 on our investment income:

Exchange Rate Risk

Our funds hold investments that are denominated in non-U.S. dollar currencies that may be affected by movements in the rate of exchange between the U.S. dollar and non-U.S. dollar currencies. Movements in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and non-U.S. dollar currencies impact the management fees earned by funds with fee paying AUM denominated in non-U.S. dollar currencies as well as by funds with fee paying AUM denominated in U.S. dollars that hold investments denominated in non-U.S. dollar currencies. Additionally, movements in the exchange rate impact operating expenses for our foreign offices that are denominated in non-U.S. currencies and the revaluation of assets and liabilities denominated in non-functional currencies, including cash balances and investments.

We manage our exposure to exchange rate risks through our regular operating activities, wherein we utilize payments received in non-U.S. dollar currencies to fulfill obligations in non-U.S dollar foreign currencies, and, when appropriate, through the use of derivative financial instruments to hedge the net non-U.S. exposure: in the funds that we advise; the balance sheet exposure for certain direct investments denominated in non-U.S. dollar currencies; and the cash flow exposure for non-U.S. dollar currencies. A 10% decrease in the rate of exchange of all foreign currencies against the U.S. dollar may have a material impact on transaction gains and losses of the Company.

A portion of our management fees are denominated in non-U.S. dollar currencies that may be affected by movements in the rate of exchange between the U.S. dollar and non-U.S. dollar currencies. We estimate that as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 a 10% change in the rate of exchange of all foreign currencies against the U.S. dollar would result in a change in management fees of approximately $6.4 million and $5.7 million, respectively.

We enter into currency forward contracts and other exchange traded currency options to mitigate the impact of the exchange rate risk on our management fees and investment portfolio due to the fluctuation of exchange of all foreign currencies against the U.S. dollar.

Interest Rate Risk

As of December 31, 2017, we had $210.0 million of borrowings outstanding under the Credit Facility.

Our Credit Facility provides a $1.065 billion revolving line of credit with the ability to upsize to $1.28 billion (subject to obtaining commitments for any such additional borrowing capacity) with a maturity date of February 24, 2022. The Credit Facility bears interest at a variable rate based on either LIBOR or a base rate plus an applicable margin with an unused commitment

fee paid quarterly, which is subject to change with our underlying credit agency rating. Currently, base rate loans bear interest calculated based on the base rate plus 0.50% and the LIBOR rate loans bear interest calculated based on LIBOR rate plus 1.50%. Our unused commitment fee is 0.20% per annum. As of December 31, 2017, we had $210.0 million of borrowings outstanding under the Credit Facility.

We estimate that in the event of a 100 basis point increase in interest rates, to the extent there is an outstanding revolver balance, we would be subject to the variable rate and would expect our interest expense to increase commensurately.

As credit-oriented investors, we are also subject to interest rate risk through the securities we hold in our Consolidated Funds. A 100 basis point increase in interest rates would be expected to negatively affect the fair value of securities that accrue interest income at fixed rates and therefore negatively impact net change in unrealized appreciation on investments of the Company and the Consolidated Funds. The actual impact is dependent on the average duration and amounts of such holdings and the amount of such holdings. Conversely, securities that accrue interest at variable rates would be expected to benefit from a 100 basis points increase in interest rates because these securities would generate higher levels of current income and therefore positively impact interest and dividend income. In the cases where our funds pay management fees based on NAV, we would expect our segment management fees to experience a change in direction and magnitude corresponding to that experienced by the underlying portfolios.

Credit Risk

We are party to agreements providing for various financial services and transactions that contain an element of risk in the event that the counterparties are unable to meet the terms of such agreements. In such agreements, we depend on the respective counterparty to make payment or otherwise perform. We generally endeavor to minimize our risk of exposure by limiting to reputable financial institutions the counterparties with which we enter into financial transactions. In other circumstances, availability of financing from financial institutions may be uncertain due to market events, and we may not be able to access these financing markets.