Item 1A. Risk Factors

The following risks update the risk factors set forth in Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. Please refer to Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, for other risks related to our business.

We derive a significant portion of our revenues from non-U.S. sales and are subject to risks of doing business in other countries, including those related to tariffs, trade restrictions and government actions.

In 2024, non-U.S. customers, which include foreign military sales, accounted for approximately 46% of our total revenues and approximately 70% of Commercial Airplanes revenue from customer contracts. We expect non-U.S. sales will continue to account for a significant portion of our revenues for the foreseeable future. We are subject to risks of doing business internationally, including:

• changes in regulatory requirements or other executive branch actions, such as Executive Orders;

• changes in the global trade environment, including potential deterioration in geopolitical or trade relations between countries;

• disputes with authorities in non-U.S. jurisdictions, including international trade authorities;

• imposition of domestic and international taxes, export controls, tariffs, duties, embargoes, sanctions and other trade restrictions;

• tariffs, duties or other costs attributable to the importation of raw materials, parts, products and services, which could impact sales and/or delivery of products and services outside the U.S. and/or impose increased costs on us, our supply chain or our customers;

• changes to U.S. and non-U.S. government policies, including sourcing restrictions, requirements to expend a portion of program funds locally and governmental industrial cooperation or participation requirements;

• fluctuations in international currency exchange rates;

• volatility in international political and economic environments and changes in non-U.S. national priorities and budgets, which can lead to delays or fluctuations in orders;

• the complexity and necessity of using non-U.S. representatives and consultants;

• the uncertainty of the ability of non-U.S. customers to finance purchases, including the availability of financing from the Export-Import Bank of the United States;

• uncertainties and restrictions concerning the availability of funding credit or guarantees;

• the difficulty of management and operation of an enterprise spread over many countries; and

• compliance with a variety of non-U.S. laws, as well as U.S. laws affecting the activities of U.S. companies abroad; and unforeseen developments and conditions, including terrorism, war, epidemics and international tensions and conflicts.

While the impact of these factors is difficult to predict, any one or more of these factors could adversely affect our operations.

The global trade environment remains highly dynamic and continues to evolve. Current U.S. trade policy includes the imposition of baseline, sectoral or country-specific tariffs on imports. Other countries have announced retaliatory actions or plans for retaliatory actions. Tariffs and any retaliatory actions could significantly increase the cost of our products and, particularly with respect to our commercial aircraft, result in lower demand for our products, delivery delays, and terminations of orders by customers.

China is a significant market for commercial aircraft and we have long-standing relationships with our Chinese customers. Overall, the U.S.-China trade relationship is challenged due to tariffs and other economic and national security concerns. For example, in the second quarter of 2025, certain customers in China paused accepting our deliveries in response to ongoing tariff negotiations. Although deliveries to those customers have since resumed, if we are unable to deliver aircraft to customers in China consistent with our assumptions and/or obtain additional orders from China in the future, we may experience reduced deliveries and/or lower market share.

Impacts from potential deterioration in geopolitical or trade relationships between the U.S. and other countries, particularly China and European Union members states, including as a result of the risks described above, could have a material adverse impact on our financial position, results of operations and/or cash flows.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, Use of Proceeds, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

The following table provides information about purchases we made during the quarter ended June 30, 2025, of equity securities that are registered by us pursuant to Section 12 of the Exchange Act:

(1)A total of 21,510 shares were transferred to us from employees in satisfaction of minimum tax withholding obligations associated with the vesting of restricted stock units during the period. We did not purchase any shares of our common stock in the open market pursuant to a repurchase program.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not applicable.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.