Cover and table of contents

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Cover and table of contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549


FORM 10-K


☒ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022

OR

☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File No. 001-13300


CAPITAL ONE FINANCIAL CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware54-1719854
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
1680 Capital One Drive,
McLean,Virginia22102
(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (703) 720-1000


Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each ClassTrading Symbol(s)Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock (par value $.01 per share)COFNew York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, Each Representing a 1/40th Interest in a Share of Fixed Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series ICOF PRINew York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, Each Representing a 1/40th Interest in a Share of Fixed Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series JCOF PRJNew York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, Each Representing a 1/40th Interest in a Share of Fixed Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series KCOF PRKNew York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, Each Representing a 1/40th Interest in a Share of Fixed Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series LCOF PRLNew York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, Each Representing a 1/40th Interest in a Share of Fixed Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series NCOF PRNNew York Stock Exchange
0.800% Senior Notes Due 2024COF24New York Stock Exchange
1.650% Senior Notes Due 2029COF29New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to section 12(g) of the Act: None


Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer☒Accelerated filer☐
Non-accelerated filer☐Smaller reporting company☐
Emerging growth company☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C.7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b).☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of the close of business on June 30, 2022 was approximately $39.6 billion. As of January 31, 2023, there were 381,079,743 shares of the registrant’s Common Stock outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

**1.**Portions of the Proxy Statement for the annual meeting of stockholders to be held on May 4, 2023, are incorporated by reference into Part III.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
PART I4
Item 1.Business4
Overview4
Operations and Business Segments6
Competition7
Supervision and Regulation7
Human Capital Resources17
Technology and Intellectual Property19
Forward-Looking Statements20
Item 1A.Risk Factors21
Item 1B.Unresolved Staff Comments40
Item 2.Properties40
Item 3.Legal Proceedings40
Item 4.Mine Safety Disclosures40
PART II41
Item 5.Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities41
Item 6.[Reserved]44
Item 7.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”)44
Selected Financial Data45
Executive Summary48
Consolidated Results of Operations49
Consolidated Balance Sheets Analysis54
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements56
Business Segment Financial Performance56
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates65
Accounting Changes and Developments69
Capital Management70
Risk Management75
Credit Risk Profile81
Liquidity Risk Profile92
Market Risk Profile97
Supplemental Tables102
Glossary and Acronyms104
Item 7A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk111
Item 8.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data112
Consolidated Statements of Income117
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income118
Consolidated Balance Sheets119
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity120
1Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows121
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements123
Note 1—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies123
Note 2—Investment Securities138
Note 3—Loans141
Note 4—Allowance for Credit Losses and Reserve for Unfunded Lending Commitments151
Note 5—Variable Interest Entities and Securitizations154
Note 6—Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets158
Note 7—Premises, Equipment and Leases161
Note 8—Deposits and Borrowings163
Note 9—Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities165
Note 10—Stockholders’ Equity174
Note 11—Regulatory and Capital Adequacy177
Note 12—Earnings Per Common Share179
Note 13—Stock-Based Compensation Plans180
Note 14—Employee Benefit Plans182
Note 15—Income Taxes184
Note 16—Fair Value Measurement188
Note 17—Business Segments and Revenue from Contracts with Customers197
Note 18—Commitments, Contingencies, Guarantees and Others201
Note 19—Capital One Financial Corporation (Parent Company Only)204
Note 20—Related Party Transactions206
Item 9.Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure207
Item 9A.Controls and Procedures207
Item 9B.Other Information207
Item 9C.Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections207
PART III208
Item 10.Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance208
Item 11.Executive Compensation208
Item 12.Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters208
Item 13.Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence208
Item 14.Principal Accountant Fees and Services208
PART IV209
Item 15.Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules209
Item 16.Form 10-K Summary209
EXHIBIT INDEX210
SIGNATURES214
2Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

INDEX OF MD&A AND SUPPLEMENTAL TABLES

MD&A Tables:Page
1Average Balances, Net Interest Income and Net Interest Margin50
2Rate/Volume Analysis of Net Interest Income51
3Non-Interest Income52
4Non-Interest Expense53
5Loans Held for Investment54
6Funding Sources Composition54
7Business Segment Results57
8Credit Card Business Results57
8.1Domestic Card Business Results59
9Consumer Banking Business Results60
10Commercial Banking Business Results62
11Other Category Results64
12Capital Ratios Under Basel III72
13Regulatory Risk-Based Capital Components and Regulatory Capital Metrics73
14Preferred Stock Dividends Paid Per Share74
15Portfolio Composition of Loans Held for Investment82
16Loan Maturity Schedule82
17Credit Card Portfolio by Geographic Region83
18Consumer Banking Portfolio by Geographic Region83
19Commercial Real Estate Portfolio by Region84
20Commercial Loans by Industry85
21Credit Score Distribution85
2230+ Day Delinquencies86
23Aging and Geography of 30+ Day Delinquent Loans87
2490+ Day Delinquent Loans Accruing Interest87
25Nonperforming Loans and Other Nonperforming Assets88
26Net Charge-Offs (Recoveries)89
27Troubled Debt Restructurings89
28Allowance for Credit Losses and Reserve for Unfunded Lending Commitments Activity91
29Allowance Coverage Ratios for Specified Loan Category92
30Liquidity Reserves92
31Deposits Composition and Average Deposits Interest Rates94
32Amount of Time Deposits in Excess of $250,000 by Contractual Maturity95
33Long-Term Debt Funding Activities95
34Senior Unsecured Long-Term Debt Credit Ratings96
35Interest Rate Sensitivity Analysis98
36LIBOR Exposures on Derivatives and Commercial Loans99
Supplemental Tables:
ANet Charge-Offs102
BReconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures102
3Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

PART I

Next: Item 1. Business