Item 1. BUSINESS

Definitions

II-VI Incorporated (“II-VI,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our”) was incorporated in Pennsylvania in 1971. Our headquarters are located at 375 Saxonburg Boulevard, Saxonburg, Pennsylvania 16056, USA. Our telephone number is +1-724-352-4455. Reference to “II-VI,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, unless the context requires otherwise, refers to II-VI Incorporated and its wholly owned subsidiaries. The Company’s name is pronounced “Two Six Incorporated.” The name II-VI refers to Groups II and VI of the periodic table of elements from which II-VI originally designed and produced infrared optics for high-power CO2 lasers used in materials processing. The majority of our revenues are attributable to the sale of engineered materials and optoelectronic components, devices, and subsystems for the optical communications, industrial, aerospace and defense, and consumer electronics markets. Reference to “fiscal,” “fiscal year,” or “FY” means our fiscal year ended June 30 for the year referenced.

As of June 30, 2022, the Company’s operations were organized into two reporting segments: (i) Photonic Solutions and (ii) Compound Semiconductors. See below for a more detailed description of each of these segments. On July 1, 2022 the Company completed the previously announced acquisition of Coherent, Inc. (“Coherent”), pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated March 25, 2021 (the “Merger Agreement”), by and among the Company, Coherent and Watson Merger Sub Inc. (the “Merger”). In connection with the Merger, effective July 1, 2022, the Company realigned its organizational structure into three reporting segments for the purpose of making operational decisions and assessing financial performance: (i) Materials, which previously was referred to as our Compound Semiconductors segment (ii) Networking, which previously was referred to as our Photonic Solutions segment, and (iii) Lasers. The Company will report financial information for these new reporting segments in fiscal 2023. This change in reporting is to occur beginning with periods commencing July 1, 2022.

The following defined terms are used in this Annual Report on Form 10-K: augmented reality (AR); bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3); cadmium telluride (CdTe); carbon dioxide (CO2); Centers for Disease Control (CDC); chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of materials including diamond; datacenter interconnect (DCI); dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM); digital signal processors (DSPs); diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI); extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) lithography; fifth-generation (5G) wireless; fourth-generation (4G) wireless; gallium arsenide (GaAs); gallium nitride (GaN); Geostationary Operational Environment Satellite Program (GOES); gigabit Ethernet (GbE); gigabit per second (Gbps); high-definition multimedia interface (HDMI); high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT); indium phosphide (InP); infrared (IR); integrated circuit (IC); intellectual property (IP); kilowatt (kW); light detection and ranging (LiDAR); liquid crystal (LC); liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS); metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET); millimeters (mm); nanometers (nm); near-infrared (NIR); optical channel monitor (OCM); optoelectronic chip hybrid integration platform (OCHIP); original equipment manufacturer (OEM); optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR); polymerase chain reaction (PCR); radio frequency (RF); reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexer (ROADM); research and development (R&D); research, development, and engineering (RD&E); silicon carbide (SiC); terabit per second (Tbps); three-dimensional (3D); transimpedance amplifier (TIA); ultraviolet (UV); vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL); virtual reality (VR); wavelength division multiplexing (WDM); wavelength selective switching (WSS); zinc selenide (ZnSe); and zinc sulfide (ZnS).

General Description of Business

We develop, manufacture, and market engineered materials, optoelectronic components, and devices for use in optical communications, industrial, aerospace and defense, consumer electronics, semiconductor capital equipment, life sciences, and automotive applications end markets. We use advanced engineered materials growth technologies and proprietary high-precision fabrication, microassembly, optical thin-film coating, and electronic integration to manufacture complex optoelectronic devices and modules. Our products are deployed in a variety of applications, including (i) optical, data, and wireless communications products; (ii) laser cutting, welding, marking, and other materials processing operations; (iii) 3D sensing consumer applications; (iv) aerospace and defense applications including intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance; (v) semiconductor processing tools; and (vi) thermoelectric cooling and power-generation solutions.

Through RD&E investments and its strategic acquisitions, II-VI has expanded its portfolio of materials and product platforms. We believe that the materials we grow and fabricate are differentiated by one or a combination of unique optical, electrical, magnetic, thermal, and mechanical properties. II-VI’s optics are shaped by precision surfacing techniques to meet the most stringent requirements for flat or curved geometries, functionalized with smooth or structured surfaces, or with patterned metallization. Proprietary processes developed at our global optical coating centers differentiate our products’ durability against high-energy lasers and extreme operating environments. Optical coatings also provide the desired spectral characteristics, ranging from the ultraviolet to the far-infrared. II-VI leverages these capabilities to deliver miniature to large-scale precision optical assemblies, including those in combination with thermal-management components, integrated electronics, and software.

II-VI also offers a broad portfolio of compound semiconductor lasers that are used in a variety of applications in our end markets. These lasers enable optical signal transmission, reception, and amplification in terrestrial and submarine communications networks; high-bit-rate server connectivity between and within datacenters; optical communications network monitoring; materials processing; and fast and accurate measurements in biomedical instruments and consumer electronics.

II-VI continues to improve its operational capabilities, develop next-generation products, and invest in new technology platforms to drive growth in the short term and the long term. With our strategic focus on fast-growing and sustainable markets, II-VI pursues its mission of enabling the world to be safer, healthier, closer, and more efficient, and strives to attain its vision of a world transformed through innovations vital to a better life today and the sustainability of future generations.

Acquisition and Background of Coherent, Inc.

Coherent, one of the world's leading providers of laser solutions and optics for microelectronics, life sciences, industrial manufacturing, scientific and aerospace and defense markets, was acquired by II-VI on July 1, 2022. In fiscal year 2023, Coherent's operations will be included in the combined company, to be rebranded Coherent Corp., as the Lasers Segment. Except as otherwise indicated in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, information about II-VI as of June 30, 2022 or any earlier date, or for any period ended June 30, 2022 or any earlier date, does not include any financial, operational or other information regarding Coherent.

Coherent delivers systems to the world's leading brands, innovators, and researchers, all backed with a global service and support network. Since inception in 1966, Coherent has grown through internal expansion and through strategic acquisitions of complementary businesses, technologies, intellectual property, manufacturing processes, and product offerings. Coherent serves important end markets like microelectronics, precision manufacturing, and instrumentation, as well as applications in aerospace and defense.

The word "laser" is an acronym for "light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation." A laser emits an intense coherent beam of light with some unique and highly useful properties. Most importantly, a laser is orders of magnitude brighter than any lamp. As a result of its coherence, the beam can be focused to a very small and intense spot, useful for applications requiring very high power densities including welding and other materials processing procedures. The laser's high spatial resolution is also useful for microscopic imaging and inspection applications. Laser light can be monochromatic—all of the beam energy is confined to a narrow wavelength band. Lasers can produce the lasing action in the form of a gas, liquid, semiconductor, solid state crystal or fiber. Lasers can also be classified by their output wavelength: ultraviolet, visible, infrared or wavelength tunable. Coherent manufactures all of these laser types, in various options such as continuous wave, pulse duration, output power, beam dimensions, etc. Each application has its own specific requirements in terms of laser performance.

Coherent’s key laser applications include: semiconductor wafer inspection; manufacturing of advanced printed circuit boards; flat panel display manufacturing; solar cell production; medical and bio-instrumentation; materials processing; metal cutting and welding; industrial process and quality control; marking; imaging and printing; graphic arts and display; and research and development. For example, UV lasers are enabling the continuous move towards miniaturization, which drives innovation and growth in many markets. In addition, the advent of industrial grade ultrafast lasers continues to open up new applications for laser processing.

Information Regarding Market Segments and Foreign Operations

Financial data regarding our revenues, results of operations, industry segments, and international sales for the three years ended June 30, 2022, are set forth in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings (Loss) and in Note 14. Segment and Geographic Reporting to our Consolidated Financial Statements, which are included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and are incorporated herein by reference. We also discuss certain Risk Factors set forth in Item 1A – Risk Factors of this Annual Report on Form 10-K related to our foreign operations, which are incorporated herein by reference.

Bookings and Backlog

We define our bookings as customer orders received that are expected to be converted to revenues over the next 12 months. The Company reports as bookings only those orders that are expected to be converted into revenues within 12 months from the end of the reporting period. Bookings are adjusted if changes in customer demands or production schedules cause the expected time of a delivery to extend beyond 12 months. For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022, our bookings were approximately $4.3 billion, compared with bookings of approximately $3.3 billion for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2021.

We define our backlog as bookings that have not been converted to revenues by the end of the reporting period. As of June 30, 2022, our backlog was approximately $2.3 billion, compared with approximately $1.3 billion as of June 30, 2021.

Global Operations

II-VI is headquartered in Saxonburg, Pennsylvania, USA, with RD&E, manufacturing, and sales facilities worldwide. Our U.S. production and RD&E operations are located in Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Illinois, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, and Texas, and our non-U.S. production and RD&E operations are based in Australia, China, Germany, India, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, the United Kingdom, and Vietnam. We also utilize contract manufacturers and strategic suppliers. In addition to sales offices co-located at most of our manufacturing sites, we have sales and marketing subsidiaries in Belgium, Canada, China, Germany, Hong Kong, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Switzerland, Taiwan, and the United Kingdom, and, following the Coherent acquisition, in France, Israel, the Netherlands, and Spain.

In addition, Coherent’s products are manufactured at sites in California, Oregon, Michigan, New Jersey, and Connecticut in the United States; Germany, Scotland, Finland, Sweden, Switzerland, and Spain in Europe; and South Korea, China, Singapore, and Malaysia in Asia. In addition, Coherent also uses contract manufacturers in southeast Asia, Eastern Europe and the United States for the production of certain assemblies and turnkey solutions.

Human Capital

Our mission is “Enabling the world to be safer, healthier, closer, and more efficient.”

Our vision is “A world transformed through innovations vital to a better life today and the sustainability of future generations.”

Our core values are: Integrity, Collaboration, Accountability, Respect, and Enthusiasm (I CARE). Our values define who we are and serve as a guide in how we engage with each other, our customers, our suppliers, our investors, and our environment. They serve as a model for how we grow our company in an ethical, scalable, and sustainable manner.

Our workplace is defined by our people. It enables them to show up as their “best self” to work every day. This includes creating an inclusive environment in which every individual is considered a valued and valuable member of the team. We listen to the voice of the employee through focus groups, personal interviews, engagement as part of our open-door policy, and through engagement surveys, among other methods. This rich feedback allows us to reflect and adjust our employee-focused initiatives across the globe to create a culture that recognizes their contributions and values their opinions. As a result, our human capital strategies are core to the long-term sustainability and success of the Company.

As of June 30, 2022, the Company employed approximately 24,000 employees worldwide.

			Number of employees			Percent of total
Direct production			16,293			69%
Research, development, engineering, sales and marketing			4,379			18%
General administration			2,986			13%
Total:			23,658			100%

We believe that our efforts in managing our workforce have been effective, as evidenced by a strong culture and a good relationship between the Company and our employees.

• Our People. Our people are critical to our continued success. We provide a workplace that develops, supports, and motivates our employees. We partner with Gallup to implement their Q12 Employee Engagement Survey. The survey questions and Gallup’s resources help us measure our progress toward creating a stronger, more engaged workforce. Based on the results, our employee teams then collaborate on action plans to improve in targeted areas. Our most recent employee engagement survey (2021) saw 94% participation from our global workforce, and the results showed that overall engagement increased by 10% from our original survey. We plan to conduct the survey again in calendar year 2023 to continue to measure and enhance employee engagement company wide.

• Occupational Health and Safety. It is our highest priority to keep our employees, customers, and suppliers safe, as the health and safety of our workforce is paramount to the success of our business. We provide our employees upfront and ongoing safety training to ensure that safety policies and procedures are effectively communicated and implemented. We have experienced employees on-site at each of our manufacturing locations who are tasked with environmental, health, and personal safety education and compliance. The safety calculation recognized by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, the Total Recordable Incident Rate (“TRIR”), is closely monitored throughout the Company. As of June 30, 2022, our TRIR was 0.23, which remained static year-over-year as compared to FY21. We customize our policies to the local requirements and circumstances of each plant.

• COVID-19. Our top priority during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has been and continues to be protecting the health and safety of our employees and their families, our customers, suppliers, and our communities. Our on-site work environments were changed to accommodate best-in-class protocols. The commitment to this effort is evidenced by the extensive planning and numerous actions we swiftly took to respond to the pandemic, including the development and implementation of a Pandemic Response Team and Pandemic Response Guide, a work-from-home program, health check protocols, temperature screenings, and periodic COVID-19 testing where permitted and deemed appropriate for all employees working on-site. Additionally, new process workflows were initiated to ensure reduced contact for employees working on-site, contact tracing processes and protocols were established, quarantining and testing protocols for exposure and positive tests were implemented, travel guidelines and protocols were created to ensure that employees who must travel for work can do so safely, and phased return-to-work plans and approval processes were formed to enable non-manufacturing employees to return to the office when permitted by local government regulations and deemed appropriate by II-VI leadership. We hired an infectious disease expert who specializes in COVID-19 to offer guidance to our Pandemic Response Team, managers, and site leaders. We have begun the transition back to in-person work for offices on a site-by-site basis per location where deemed safe and responsible by the CDC and safeguards continue to evolve based on the local risk level and feedback from our medical consultants.

• Talent Acquisition, Development, and Training. Hiring talented individuals and continuing to develop them are critical to our operations, and we are focused on creating experiences and programs that foster growth and performance. We have a robust succession-planning process that identifies internal candidates for development. We provide all employees the chance to learn and develop critical skills, and we strive to attract, motivate, and retain high-quality talent. We encourage all employees to broaden their knowledge. For example, to foster our culture of innovation, we host monthly Technology Spotlight Seminars to highlight some of the many significant technical advances and competencies within II-VI. These seminars cover a broad spectrum of platforms and products, with the primary objectives of fostering innovation within the company and technical community; cross-fertilizing technology and sparking new ideas for cross-business collaborations; and enhancing the visibility of II-VI’s technical capabilities, platforms, and recent advances. Tuition reimbursement and funding for growth and development is built into the annual budget to ensure that II-VI has the skilled workforce we need. Our global internship programs welcome a new talent pipeline. In FY22, II-VI pledged $1,000,000 to fund STEM educational and research programs in 2022.

• Total Rewards. Our “One II-VI” approach to total rewards provides a competitive total compensation package that attracts, motivates, and retains high-quality talent; matches total rewards of competitors with which we compete for talent; increases transparency of rewards programs, company and segment metrics, and measurement of achievements in relation to challenging objectives; balances fixed costs (benefits and base pay) and variable costs (bonus and equity), with a substantial portion of total direct compensation tied to performance; pays for performance – base, bonus, and equity reflect both company and individual performance; and aligns with the interests of our shareholders. Globally, all non-sales employees participate in a variable incentive program measured on the operating earnings of their business segment. Similarly, sales employees are incentivized on revenue and profit-after-tax attainment. Select employees are eligible to receive equity-based awards, to align employee and shareholder interests. In addition to offering competitive and fair compensation, we also offer a compelling suite of benefits, including comprehensive health benefits to all of our employees globally.

• Diversity and Inclusion. II-VI supports fundamental human rights – values inherent to all human beings. We expect all leaders and employees to treat each other with dignity, fairness, and respect. We are consciously expanding the diversity of our workforce with a focus on underrepresented groups in leadership and technical positions, creating growth and development opportunities for our employees, embracing different perspectives, and fostering an inclusive work environment. We have begun to incorporate inclusive leadership training topics into our leadership development programs to ensure that inclusive leadership practices are embedded into our culture. In FY22, we introduced “Building a Culture of Inclusion” into our global Front-Line Leader Program. The Company also formed a Global Advisory Council comprising senior leaders across the organization responsible for providing oversight on our DEI efforts. The program’s executive sponsors include the CEO’s direct reports and a Corporate Board Member. The Council is currently working on developing the program’s strategic pillars and tying DEI objectives to the business strategy. We plan to have regional DEI strategies in place for each of our global locations. With the launch of our DEI program, Chair and CEO Chuck Mattera took a stand against racism in signing the CEO Action for Diversity & Inclusion Pledge, joining other CEOs dedicated to advancing diversity and inclusion in the workplace. The pledge includes a commitment to engage the board of directors when developing and evaluating DEI strategies, cultivating an environment that supports open dialogue on complex and often difficult conversations around DEI, implementing and expanding unconscious bias education and training, and sharing best practices in the area of DEI programs and initiatives.

Globally, approximately 49% of the workforce is female, with 11,519 females and 12,139 males as of June 30, 2022. In the II-VI’s Senior Leadership Team (“SLT”), which consists of senior directors and above, there are 21 females and 196 males. The SLT meets quarterly to discuss strategy, business trends, company operations, financials, and people programs. Our global footprint is diverse, with approximately 18,600 employees in the Asia-Pacific region, 1,300 in Europe, and 3,800 in the Americas.

Manufacturing Processes

Our success in developing and manufacturing many of our products depends on our ability to manufacture and tailor the optical and physical properties of technically challenging materials and components. The ability to produce, process, and refine these complex materials, and to control their quality and in-process yields, is an expertise of the Company that is critical to the performance of our customers’ subsystems and systems. In the markets we serve, there is a limited number of high-quality suppliers of many of the components we manufacture. Aside from datacenter transceivers, there are very few industry-standard products.

Our network of worldwide manufacturing sites allows us to manufacture our products in regions that provide cost-effective and risk-management advantages. We employ numerous advanced manufacturing technologies and systems at our manufacturing facilities. These include metal-organic chemical vapor deposition and molecular beam epitaxy reactors, automated computer numeric control optical fabrication, high-throughput thin-film coaters, nanoprecision metrology, and custom-engineered automated furnace controls for crystal growth processes. Manufacturing products for use across the electromagnetic spectrum requires the capability to repeatedly manufacture products with high yields to atomic tolerances. II-VI continuously updates its comprehensive quality management systems that feature manufacturing quality best practices. II-VI is committed to delivering products within specification, on time, and with high quality, with a goal of fully satisfying customers and continually improving.

We continue to focus our efforts to convert locations to renewable energy. During the past two fiscal years, we have converted 40 of our sites to renewable-electricity contracts. In addition, II-VI participates in Apple’s Supplier Clean Energy Program, and all of our Apple production facilities are powered with 100% renewable energy.

Additionally, our Fremont, California, and Dallas, Texas, facilities are multiyear award recipients for continued compliance with local wastewater treatment programs. Additional information can be found on the Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) section of our website at www.ii-vi.com. The website address is intended to be an inactive textual reference only. None of the information on, or accessible through, II-VI's website is part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K or is incorporated by reference herein.

Sources of Supply

In our production processes, we use numerous optical, electrical, and mechanical parts that are sourced from third-party suppliers. These include integrated circuits, mechanical housings, and optical components, and we commonly refer to them as raw materials.

The continued high quality of and access to these raw materials are critical to the stability and predictability of our manufacturing yields. We specify and test these raw materials at the onset of and throughout the production process. Additional research and capital investment are sometimes needed to better define future raw materials specifications. As a result of COVID-19, we have experienced some production delays due to shortages of raw materials, and we are driving the development of strategic second sources as part of our overall business continuity planning. We do occasionally experience problems associated with vendor-supplied raw materials not meeting contract specifications for quality or purity. Risks associated with reliance on third parties for the timely and reliable delivery of raw materials is discussed in greater detail in Item 1A. Risk Factors of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Business Units

The Company’s organizational structure historically has been divided into two reporting segments for the purpose of making operational decisions and assessing financial performance: (i) Photonic Solutions and (ii) Compound Semiconductors. With the acquisition of Coherent on July 1, 2022 the Company added a third reporting segment "Lasers", which is comprised of nearly all of the business of Coherent. In addition, the Company renamed its existing two reporting segments from Photonics Solutions to Networking and from Compound Semiconductors to Materials. Beginning with fiscal year 2023, the Company is divided into three reporting segments: (i) Materials, (ii) Networking, and (iii) Lasers. The Company will report financial information for these new reporting segments in fiscal 2023.

The Photonic Solutions Segment leverages II-VI’s compound semiconductor technology platforms and deep knowledge of end-user applications for our key end markets to deliver differentiated components and subsystems.

The Compound Semiconductors Segment is a market leader in engineered materials and optoelectronic devices such as those based on GaAs, InP, GaN, and SiC. We may from time to time reorganize parts of a given segment or corporate center to drive the focus of certain priorities.

II-VI’s segments are organized by business unit at the group or division level. Each of these business units develops and markets products as described below.

Photonic Solutions
Business Unit			Our Products
ROADM			•Products and solutions that enable high-bit-rate interconnects for datacenters and communications service providers, datacenter interconnects, ROADM systems, and undersea fiber-optic transmission
Transceivers			•Pluggable transceivers for Ethernet and Fibre Channel applications in cloud and enterprise datacenter applications •High-speed optoelectronics and modules for optical communications in telecom networks, including for datacenter interconnects and for metro, regional, long-haul, and ultralong-haul networks
Advanced Optics			•Fiber optics and precision optics used in projection displays; crystal materials and components for optical communications; high-power UV, visible, and NIR optics for industrial lasers; filters and assemblies for life sciences as well as for sensors, instrumentation, and semiconductor equipment

Compound Semiconductors
Business Unit			Our Products
Engineered Materials & Laser Optics			•Laser optics and accessories for CO2 lasers used in industrial, semiconductors, and life sciences applications •High-power fiber and direct-diode laser optics •Infrared thermal imaging optics and assemblies •Polycrystalline materials production including ZnSe, ZnS, and CVD diamond •Thermoelectric components, subassemblies, and systems for heating, cooling, temperature tuning, thermal cycling, and power generation in aerospace and defense, medical, industrial, automotive, consumer, telecommunications, and energy-production markets •Specialty refining, recycling, and materials-recovery services for high-purity rare metals such as selenium and tellurium, as well as related chemical products such as tellurium dioxide for optics, photovoltaics, semiconductors, thermoelectric coolers, metallurgy, agriculture, and industrial applications •Advanced ceramic and metal-matrix composite products for semiconductor capital equipment, flat-panel displays, industrial and optical equipment, and defense applications
Laser Devices & Systems			•High-power semiconductor lasers and laser bars enabling fiber and direct-diode lasers for industrial, defense, consumer, and printing applications •Laser heads and modules, Q-switched laser modules, high-power uncooled pump laser modules, laser solutions for superhard materials processing •Laser processing heads and beam delivery systems for laser materials processing with industrial lasers •High-speed VCSELs for optical communications •High-power pumps for amplifiers and optical communications •Precision optical assemblies, objectives, infrared optics, thin-film coatings, and optical materials •Optical solutions for critical and complex design, engineering, and production challenges in aerospace and defense •Semiconductor lasers and detectors for optical interconnects
New Ventures & Wide-Bandgap Electronics Technologies			•SiC and advanced semiconductor materials for high-frequency and high-power electronic device applications in defense, telecommunications, automotive, and industrial markets
Optoelectronic & RF Devices			•VCSELs for sensing, including 3D sensing in consumer electronics and automotive applications •GaAs-based RF electronic devices •Integrated circuits for transceivers for optical communications •III-V epitaxial wafers to enable higher-performance photonic and RF components for consumer, communications, network, and mobile applications •Semiconductors lasers and detectors for sensing applications
Aerospace & Defense			•Ultraviolet to long wavelength infrared materials and optics •High energy lasers and optics

Our Markets

Our market-focused businesses are currently organized by technologies and products. Our businesses address the following primary markets: optical and wireless communications, industrial, aerospace and defense, semiconductor capital equipment, life sciences, consumer electronics, and automotive. In connection with the acquisition of Coherent, effective July 1, 2022, the Company has reconfigured its primary markets. The combined company will serve the four markets of industrial, communications, electronics, and instrumentation. The Company will report financial information for these new markets in fiscal 2023. This change in reporting is to occur beginning with periods commencing July 1, 2022.

Communications Market

II-VI’s optical communications and wireless products and technologies enable next-generation high-speed optical transmission systems, networks, and datacenter solutions necessary to meet the accelerating global bandwidth demand.

Demand for our products is largely driven by the continually growing need for additional network bandwidth created by the ongoing proliferation of data and video traffic from video conferencing for work, school, and leisure; video downloads and streaming; live TV; social networking; online gaming; file sharing; enterprise IP/internet traffic; cloud computing; and datacenter virtualization that must be handled by both wireline and wireless networks. This traffic increase reflects the recent shift to the work-from-home and study-from-home approach, which was driven by the COVID-19 pandemic but is expected to continue. Mobile traffic is increasing as a result of the proliferation of smartphones, tablet computers, and other mobile devices.

We are a global technology leader in optical communications, providing materials, subcomponents, components, modules, and subsystems to optical component and module manufacturers, networking equipment manufacturers, datacenter operators, and telecom service providers. We design products that meet the increasing demands for network bandwidth and data storage.

Our optical communications products can be divided into two main groups, optical transmission and optical transport.

Our optical transmission products consist primarily of transmitters, receivers, transceivers, transponders, and active optical cables, which provide the fundamental optical-electrical, or optoelectronic, interface for interconnecting the electronic equipment used in networks. This equipment includes switches, routers, and servers used in wireline networks, as well as antennas and base stations used in wireless networks. These products rely on advanced components such as semiconductor lasers and photodetectors, in conjunction with integrated circuits and novel optoelectronic packaging to provide a cost-effective means for transmitting and receiving digital signals over fiber-optic cable at speeds ranging from less than 1 Gbps to more than 400 Gbps, over distances of less than 10 meters to more than 5,000 kilometers, using a wide range of network protocols and physical configurations.

Our optical transport products are at the core of both terrestrial and undersea optical networks. Our market-leading 980 nm pump lasers are the key enablers of our erbium-doped fiber amplifiers, which boost the power of optical signals in fiber-optic cables at intervals spanning 80 kilometers, typically, to allow high-speed signals to be transmitted over longer distances. Our latest generation of components for coherent transceivers is critical to a new generation of small-size, long-reach DWDM transmission modules operating from 100 Gbps to 1 Tbps and beyond.

Customers continue to rely on us for our industry-leading optical amplification and embedded monitoring solutions for their next-generation ROADM systems to compensate for inherent signal loss and to monitor signal integrity. Our proprietary OTDR modules allow systems to automatically detect and pinpoint issues along the transmission path in real time. Together with our OCM solutions, which monitor the optical power of the channels transmitted in a fiber-optic link, they enable real-time intelligence to perform preventive maintenance so as to preserve data transmission. In addition, we offer a portfolio of WSS products, which we also incorporate into ROADM line cards and subsystems.

Our proven experience in both transmission and transport allows us to effectively address the emerging DCI market. Our transceivers, submodules, pluggable amplifiers, and configurable line cards are able to meet the requirements of low power consumption, compactness, ease of installation and operation, and cost savings, which are often mandatory features in the DCI market.

The accelerating adoption of applications such as cloud computing is driving the rapid growth of datacenter buildouts. Our high-speed VCSELs enable transceivers for intra-datacenter communication. Our miniature WDM thin-film filter assemblies are used to increase the bandwidth within 100 GbE transceivers by combining wavelengths at the transmitter end and separating them out at the receiver end.

In the mobile wireless market, II-VI is a global leader in the strategic supply chain for materials and devices utilized in the latest 4G and 5G base station infrastructure. The deployment of 5G wireless is accelerating globally, driving the demand for RF power amplifiers that can operate efficiently in new high-frequency bands and be manufactured on a technology platform that can scale to meet the growing demand. GaN-on-SiC RF power amplifiers have superior performance, compared with devices based on silicon, over a wide spectrum of 5G operating frequencies in the gigahertz range, including in the millimeter-wave bands.

We are a market leader in the technology development and large-volume manufacturing of 100 mm and 150 mm semi-insulating SiC substrates. These substrates are utilized by customers worldwide to manufacture GaN-on-SiC HEMT RF power amplifier devices that are embedded in remote radio heads in 4G and 5G wireless base stations. In areas of high bandwidth demand, 5G antennas with beamforming technology utilizing multiple devices per antenna are expected to be densely deployed, increasing the demand for GaN-on-SiC power amplifiers by approximately an order of magnitude or more versus 4G antennas. Looking forward, II-VI continues to advance the state of the art in SiC substrates, with a strong technology portfolio of 30 active patents using highly differentiated and proprietary manufacturing platforms and technologies including crystal growth, substrate fabrication, and polishing. Our demonstration of the world’s first prototype 200 mm semi-insulating SiC substrates will enable the RF power amplifier market to continue to scale, increasingly replacing functions performed by devices based on silicon and enabling new applications.

Leveraging this materials expertise, II-VI has invested aggressively in a world-class 150 mm compound semiconductor manufacturing platform and is developing a fully vertically integrated, 150 mm wafer fabrication capability to manufacture the state-of-the-art GaN-on-SiC HEMT devices that will enable these next-generation wireless networks.

Industrial Market

Our laser optics and solutions for the industrial market remain well-positioned. Our vertically integrated and market-leading ZnSe optics and components, due to their inherent low loss at around the 10-micron wavelength, have enabled high-power CO2 laser systems for many decades and remain critical to the steady stream of new deployments as well as to continued operation, serving as replacement optics for the installed base of CO2 lasers. II-VI continues to introduce products that address new and growing applications for low-power CO2 lasers, such as drilling and cutting plastics, textiles, leather, wood, and other organic materials, for which the CO2 laser’s 10-micron wavelength is ideally suited. CO2 lasers are also at the core of EUV lithography systems, which enable a new generation of smaller and more powerful integrated circuits.

Fiber lasers that operate at about the 1-micron wavelength in pulsed or continuous mode have taken a central role in many industrial applications, especially for metal cutting and welding along with precision machining such as marking and microdrilling. II-VI supplies a broad range of materials, components, and subsystems that enable many functions within these fiber lasers, from the laser chips that generate the input optical power to the beam delivery systems that direct the output optical power to the target. The same set of II-VI products is at the core of existing and emerging direct-diode laser systems.

II-VI’s broad portfolio of coated optics and crystal materials serves all of these growing laser markets.

Aerospace and Defense Market

II-VI’s aerospace and defense solutions enable mission-critical capabilities for applications in high-energy lasers (HELs); contested space; and intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance. From uniquely grown single crystals and advanced ceramics, to completely engineered gimbal subsystems, II-VI solutions are embedded on nearly every platform in the field as well as those under development. Coherent laser beam combining and advanced lightweight gimbal technologies, along with domestically produced high-power fiber laser pumps and amplifiers, are enabling next-generation HEL systems and space-based laser communications applications. With the addition of nano-machined single-crystal silicon and grating technologies, together with II-VI’s advanced HEL coating capabilities, we enable advanced spectral beam combining and novel microstructured surface capabilities, which are highly valued within the aerospace and defense industry.

Our advanced missile warning, electro-optical targeting, and imaging systems are deployed on virtually every U.S. fixed-wing and rotary platform. Our advanced sapphire, germanium, and multispectral domes provide unique protection to our advanced imaging, seeker, and laser solutions that are packaged behind them. The domes provide hemispherical coverage for airborne, naval, and ground-based systems.

Our solutions for the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) provided the first images proving that the astronauts’ footprints on the moon are still there. The LRO continues to orbit the moon and provide rich information for future lunar landing sites. The LRO camera and its more advanced derivatives, are the basis for many advanced space imaging applications being pursued by our customers. Our solution for the OSIRIS-REx mission enables the first-ever ability for a NASA satellite to touch down on an asteroid (Bennu) and to retrieve a sample and return it to Earth. Our advanced imaging lenses and windows ensure that our customers’ vehicles are able to safely and accurately dock with the Space Station. Our advanced telescope solution for the Geostationary Lightning Mapper enables the GOES satellites to detect early lightning strikes and predict tornados a full 20 minutes before previous technology. It forms the basis for many of our customers’ advanced multispectral imaging solutions.

II-VI’s Aerospace & Defense (A&D) Division maintains separate business development, IT infrastructure, accounting, finance, engineering, and manufacturing facilities in the United States with strictly controlled access; they are dedicated to our U.S. government-supported contracts.

Semiconductor Capital Equipment Market

Semiconductor capital equipment requires advanced materials to meet the need for tighter tolerances, enhanced thermal stability, faster wafer transfer speeds, and reduced stage settling times. Our metal-matrix composites and reaction-bonded ceramics enable these applications, thanks to their optimum combination of light weight, strength, hardness, and coefficient of thermal expansion. Our reaction-bonded SiC materials are used to manufacture wafer chucks, lightweight scanning stages, and high-temperature corrosion-resistant wafer support systems. Our cooled SiC mirrors and precision patterned reticles are used in the illumination systems of lithography tools.

Our products enable legacy Deep UV lithography equipment that is widely deployed in semiconductor fabs. In the rapidly accelerating market of Extreme UV lithography systems, CO2 lasers are used to generate extreme-ultraviolet light. These CO2 lasers and beam delivery systems leverage our broad portfolio of CO2 laser optics, CdTe modulators, and high-power damage-resistant polycrystalline CVD diamond windows to route the powerful laser beam to a tin droplet from which EUV light will emanate. Due to its very high mechanical and thermal performance characteristics, our reaction-bonded SiC is used in structural support systems that are integral to EUV lithography optics to meet critical requirements for optical system stability.

Life Sciences Market

Within the life sciences end market, II-VI focuses on analytical instrumentation that integrates light and/or thermal-management solutions. We segment this market into three application areas (biotechnology, medical laser, and scientific) and deliver targeted and unique product portfolios for each segment. II-VI vertically integrates from the component level to more complex subassemblies and even full systems. Applications within the biotechnology segment include flow cytometry, genome sequencing, PCR, molecular diagnostics, imaging, and spectroscopy, to name a few. Our broad product portfolio delivers solutions covering illumination, light management, and thermal control. Visible-wavelength lasers and multicolored laser engines provide low-noise, high-performance, reliable light sources. Optical components and subassemblies such as filters, lenses, flow cells, gratings, objective lenses, and patterned reticles are embedded into these instruments to manage light delivery. Our state-of-the-art thermal engines precisely control temperature and uniformity across large areas such as plate and block assemblies, even extending to reagent or sample chilling.

Medical laser and clinical procedures are increasingly performed with systems that integrate our lasers, optics, and thermal solutions. These applications are performed at or near the patient, requiring extreme precision and often complex designs and typically reach into the NIR and IR wavelengths. Applications are varied, from laser-based treatments and surgeries to medical imaging and even point of care. II-VI’s semiconductor laser bars and stacks are used in applications such as hair and wrinkle removal. Crystals and laser cavities, along with custom-designed lens assemblies, are used for ophthalmic, dental, and dermatological surgeries. Finally, thermal components and subassemblies deliver solutions for medical-based applications such as providing heating and cooling to the human body and medical laser temperature control.

For the scientific segment, II-VI’s solutions are the building blocks of molecular spectroscopy and imaging-based platforms. These tools typically target environmental applications such as water, air, food and beverage, pharmaceutical, and agricultural testing and monitoring. II-VI continues to leverage its core laser, optics, and temperature-control expertise to deliver custom components and subassembly-level solutions at all wavelengths, from UV to NIR and IR.

Consumer Electronics Market

II-VI manufactures VCSELs, VCSEL arrays, and optical filters for the consumer electronics market. Our VCSEL products leverage our world-class 6-inch GaAs platform, combining our epitaxial wafer growth and wafer fabrication capabilities. Our VCSELs have been used in consumer products such as computer mice and mobile phones for many years. Our VCSELs are also widely deployed in datacenters and HDMI optical cables as well as in vehicle steering wheels. This expertise in VCSEL technology has been leveraged for the growing 3D sensing market. 3D sensing was the first application to drive the demand for relatively large two-dimensional VCSEL arrays. A typical design for 3D sensing requires tens or hundreds of VCSELs per chip in order to scale up the optical power required for, for example, face recognition. Therefore, 3D sensing applications created the need to scale up manufacturing to 6-inch wafer processing. Today, II-VI is one of the very few vertically integrated 6-inch VCSEL manufacturers with a proven track record in high-volume manufacturing of high-reliability, large multi-emitter VCSEL dies designed for 3D sensing. An increasing number of consumer devices are coming on the market with embedded VCSELs, including multiple smartphones and tablets, smart watches, and household robots.

In addition to VCSELs, our products for the consumer electronics market include wafer-scale optics, diffraction gratings, thermoelectric coolers, and substrates for sensing and AR/VR applications.

Automotive Market

II-VI is a global leader in SiC substrates for power electronics that improve the energy efficiency of electric and hybrid-electric vehicles. Power electronics based on SiC enable systems to achieve significantly improved power utilization and conversion efficiencies, lower operating temperatures, and reduced thermal loads. This in turn enables either increased driving range or reductions in required battery capacity for a given range, which results in a significant cost reduction. Our comprehensive understanding of crystal growth and materials processing was acquired over decades of sustained R&D and manufacturing, allowing us to continuously evolve our technology and IP portfolio. We offer a full range of substrate diameters, including the world’s first 200 mm substrate.

Our industry-leading semiconductor lasers, optics, and materials can be leveraged for LiDAR systems embedded in advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) for autonomous vehicles. LiDAR sensors enable ADAS to perform functions such as emergency braking and adaptive cruise control. II-VI’s broad portfolio of components and modules for LiDAR include high-power laser diodes, fiber amplifiers, frequency-modulated continuous-wave detection solutions, optical filters for detection, mirrors for scanning, and thermoelectric coolers for temperature control. Our product offerings include edge-emitters and VCSELs that are capable of providing a wide range of peak powers for direct illumination and imaging for short- and long-range LiDAR solutions. Emission and return windows on LiDAR systems are available in ultrahard bulk materials, such as SiC and diamond, and with optical coatings that are water-shedding and oil-resistant. Our thermoelectric coolers are qualified to automotive standards and enable LiDAR systems to operate with optimal performance and efficiency.

New generations of vehicles will be equipped with a greater number of sensors that can monitor a driver’s alertness and let occupants interact with the console using touch sensing or gesture recognition. In the event of a collision, sensors can help provide critical information about the position and attention of occupants to activate restraints and deploy airbags in the best possible manner. II-VI’s products enable the most advanced in-cabin control and monitoring systems for the latest applications in human-vehicle interactions. Our VCSELs are ideal for optical touch sensors integrated in dashboards or steering wheels. Our VCSEL arrays can provide infrared cabin illumination and structured light projection to enable gesture recognition.

Automotive manufacturers continue to differentiate their products with comfort features such as temperature-controlled car seats and cup holders, all of which require thermoelectric devices. II-VI offers thermal-management solutions that are qualified to stringent automotive industry standards and tailored to various applications.

Sales and Marketing

We market our products through a direct sales force and through representatives and distributors around the world. Our market strategy is focused on understanding our customers’ requirements and building market awareness and acceptance of our products. New products are continually being developed and introduced to our new and established customers in all markets.

The Company has centralized its worldwide sales and strategic marketing functions. Sales offices have been strategically aligned to best serve and distribute products to our worldwide customer base. There are significant cooperation, coordination, and synergies among our business units, which capitalize on the most efficient and appropriate marketing channels to address diverse applications within our markets.

Our sales force develops effective communications with our OEM and end-user customers worldwide. Products are actively marketed through key account relationships, personal selling, select advertising, attendance at trade shows, and customer partnerships. Our sales force includes a highly trained technical sales support team to assist customers in designing, testing, and qualifying our products as key components of our customers’ systems. As of June 30, 2022, we employed approximately 400 individuals in sales, marketing, and support.

We do business with a number of customers in the aerospace and defense industry, who in turn generally contract with a governmental entity, typically a U.S. government agency.

Customers

The representative groups of customers by segment are as follows:

Photonic Solutions
Business Unit:			Our Customers Are:			Representative Customers:
ROADM			Worldwide network system and subsystem providers of telecommunications, data communications, and CATV			•Ciena Corporation •Fujitsu Network Communications •NEC Corporation •Nokia Corporation
Transceivers			Cloud service providers, telecom service providers, enterprises with internal datacom networks, datacom OEMs, telecom OEMs			•ADVA •Alibaba Group •Cisco Systems Inc. •Dell Technologies •Extreme Networks Inc. •H3C Technologies Co. Ltd. •Tencent
Advanced Optics			Global manufacturers of industrial and medical laser optics and crystals including commercial and consumer products used in a wide array of instruments, sensors, fiber lasers, displays, and projection devices			•Coherent, Inc. •Corning Incorporated. •Han’s Laser Technology Industry Group Co. Ltd.

Compound Semiconductors
Business Unit:			Our Customers Are:			Representative Customers:
Engineered Materials & Laser Optics			OEM and system integrators of industrial, medical, personal comfort, and aerospace and defense laser systems; laser end users who require replacement optics for their existing laser systems			•Bystronic Laser AG •Coherent, Inc. •TRUMPF GmbH + Co. KG
Manufacturers and developers of integrated-circuit capital equipment for the semiconductor capital equipment industry			•ASML Holding NV •Carl Zeiss AG •KLA Corporation •Nikon Corporation
Primary mineral processors, refiners, and providers of specialized materials used in laser optics, photovoltaics, semiconductors, thermoelectric coolers, metallurgy, and industrial products			•Aurubis AG
Manufacturers of equipment and devices for aerospace, defense, and commercial markets			•Lockheed Martin Corporation •Raytheon Technologies Corporation
Laser Devices & Systems			Manufacturers of industrial laser components, optical communications equipment, and consumer technology applications; automotive manufacturers			•Ford Motor Company •Hisense Broadband Inc. •Laserline GmbH •Wuhan Raycus Fiber Laser Technologies Co. Ltd.
OEM and subsystem integrators of aiming, machine vision, biomedical instruments, and fiber lasers; laser cutting machines for superhard materials			•TRUMPF GmbH + Co. KG
New Ventures & Wide-Bandgap Electronics Technologies			Manufacturers and developers of equipment and devices for high-power RF electronics and high-power, voltage-switching, and power-conversion systems for commercial and aerospace and defense applications			•Dongguan Tianyu Semiconductor Technology Co., Ltd. •Infineon Technologies AG •IQE PLC •Showa Denko KK •Sumitomo Electric Device Innovations Inc.
Optoelectronic & RF Devices			Manufacturers of consumer electronics and transceivers			•Apple Inc.

Competition

II-VI is a global leader in many of its product families. We compete, in part, on the basis of our reputation for offering highly engineered products. We also compete by leveraging our intellectual property, ability to scale, product quality, on-time delivery, and technical support. We believe that our vertical integration, manufacturing facilities and equipment, experienced technical and manufacturing employees, and worldwide marketing and distribution channels provide us with competitive advantages. The representative groups of our competitors by segment are as follows:

Photonic Solutions
Areas of Competition:			Competitors:
Optical components, modules, and subsystems for optical communications			•Accelink Technologies Co. Ltd. •Cisco Systems, Inc. •Eoptolink Technology Inc., Ltd. •InLC Technology •InnoLight Technology Ltd.			•Intel Data Platforms Group •Lumentum Operations LLC •Molex LLC •O-Net Communications Ltd.
Optical and crystal components, thin-film coatings, and subassemblies for lasers and metrology instruments			•CASTECH Inc. •Casix Inc. •IDEX Corporation			•Optowide Technologies Co. Ltd. •Research Electro-Optics Inc. •On Semiconductor Corporation
Compound Semiconductors
Areas of Competition:			Competitors:
Infrared laser optics			•American Photonics •Forerun (China) •Lambda Research Corporation •MKS Instruments Inc. •Ophir Corporation •Research Electro-Optics Inc.			•Pleiger Maschinenfabrik GmbH & Co. KG •Sigma Koki Co. Ltd. •Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd. •ULO Optics Ltd. •Wavelength Opto-Electronic Pte. Ltd.
Automated equipment and laser materials processing tools to deliver high-power 1-micron laser systems			•Empower •Mitsubishi Cable Industries Ltd.			•Optoskand AB •Precitec GmbH & Co.
Biomedical instruments for flow cytometry, DNA sequencing, and fluorescence microscopy			•Shimadzu Corporation			•Pavilion Integration Corporation
Semiconductor laser diodes for the industrial and consumer markets			•ams AG •Broadcom Inc. •Everbright LLC •Hamamatsu Photonics KK •Jenoptik AG •Lumentum Operations LLC •nLight Inc.			•Optowell Co. Ltd. •OSRAM Licht AG •Panasonic Corporation •ROHM Co. Ltd. •Sony Corporation •TRUMPF GmbH + Co. KG
Infrared optics for aerospace and defense applications			•In-house fabrication and thin-film coating capabilities of major aerospace and defense customers
Thermoelectric components, subassemblies, and systems			•Ferrotec Corporation •Laird Thermal Systems			•Komatsu Ltd.
Metal-matrix composites and reaction-bonded ceramic products			•Berliner Glas GmbH •CoorsTek Inc. •Japan Fine Ceramics Co. Ltd.			•Kyocera Corporation •Morgan Advanced Materials PLC •Schunk GmbH
Single-crystal SiC substrates			•Wolfspeed, Inc. •Dow Inc. •ROHM Co. Ltd.			•SICC Co. Ltd. •TankeBlue Semiconductor Co. Ltd.
Refining and materials recovery services for high-purity rare metals			•5N Plus Inc. •RETORTE GmbH			•Vital Materials Co. Ltd.

In addition to competitors who manufacture products similar to those we produce, there are other technologies and products available that may compete with our technologies and products.

Our Strategy

Our strategy is to grow businesses with world-class engineered materials capabilities to advance our current customers’ strategies, reach new markets through innovative technologies and platforms, and enable new applications in large and growing markets. A key strategy of ours is to develop and manufacture high-performance materials and, in certain cases, components incorporating those materials, that are differentiated from those produced by our competitors. We focus on providing components that are critical to the heart of our customers’ products that serve the applications mentioned above.

We continue to grow the number and size of our key accounts. A significant portion of our business is based on sales orders with market leaders, which enables our forward planning and production efficiencies. We intend to continue capitalizing and executing on this proven model, participating effectively in the growth of the markets discussed above, and continuing our focus on operational excellence as we execute our primary business strategies:

Key Business Strategies:			Our Plan to Execute:
Identify New Products and Markets			Identify new technologies, products, and markets to meet evolving customer requirements for high-performance engineered materials through our dedicated RD&E programs, and thereby increase new product revenue and maximize return on investment
Leverage Vertical Integration			Combine RD&E and manufacturing expertise, operating with a bias toward components and production machines; reduce cost and lead time to enhance competitiveness, time to market, profitability, and quality; and enable our customers to offer competitive products
Investment in Scalable Manufacturing			Strategically invest in, evaluate, and identify opportunities to consolidate and automate manufacturing operations worldwide to increase production capacity, capabilities, and cost-effectiveness
Enhance Our Performance and Reputation as a Quality and Customer Service Leader			Continue to improve upon our established reputation as a consistent, high-quality supplier of engineered materials and optoelectrical components that are built into our customers’ products
Execute our global quality transformation process, eliminating costs of nonconforming materials and processes
Identify and Complete Strategic Acquisitions and Alliances			Identify acquisition opportunities that accelerate our access to emerging, high-growth segments of the markets we serve and further leverage our competencies and economies of scale

Research, Development, and Engineering

During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022, the Company continued to identify, invest in, and focus our research and development on new products and platform technologies in an effort to accelerate our organic growth. This approach is managed under a disciplined innovation program that we refer to as the II-VI Phase Gate Process.

We devote significant resources to RD&E programs directed at the continuous improvement of our existing products and processes, and to the timely development of new materials, technologies, platforms, and products. We believe that our RD&E activities are essential to establishing and maintaining a leadership position in each of the markets we serve. In addition, certain manufacturing personnel support or participate in our research and development efforts on an ongoing basis. We believe the close interaction between the development and manufacturing functions enhances the direction of our projects, reducing costs and accelerating technology transfers. It also offers development opportunities to our employees.

During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022, we focused our RD&E investments in the following areas:

Photonic Solutions
Area of Development:			Our RD&E Investments:
Photonics design			Continue to develop and improve crystal materials, precision optical parts, and laser device components for photonics applications; develop new platforms and capabilities

Datacom transceivers			Continue cost reduction on 10G-100G products by leveraging our engineering resources and manufacturing scale; continue to develop high-end 200G/400G/800G/1.6T products, including RF and packaging designs; explore high-density, high-bandwidth co-packaged designs through silicon photonics; continue to develop vertically integrated designs, including with lasers and ICs
Coherent optics and transceivers			Drive further integration to reduce size and power consumption; increase bandwidth to enable 100G/200G/400G coherent transceivers; optimize product cost with new design architectures and more efficient manufacturing flow
Pump lasers			Continue to invest in our next-generation GaAs pump laser portfolio and flexible manufacturing footprint to address evolving terrestrial and undersea markets
Develop InP growth and processing capability together with associated packaging technology for Raman amplification applications
Optical amplifiers and subsystems			Invest in and broaden the range of amplifiers and integrated subsystems, including ROADMs
WSS			Develop LC and LCOS technologies and associated module designs for WSS; invest in manufacturing equipment, including the WSS automated assembly platform
Optical monitoring			Continue optical channel monitoring investment
Develop OTDRs to monitor the health of the fiber plant
Micro-optics manufacturing			Shift toward smaller, more compact optics and automated assembly platforms and packages
Invest in manufacturing equipment for computerized processes
Compound Semiconductors
Area of Development:			Our RD&E Investments:
High-power laser diodes Semiconductor lasers Devices for optical communications, sensing, and high-volume manufacturing			Increase output power and reliability of edge-emitting laser diodes for fiber laser, optical communications, and sensing applications
Develop high-power VCSELs, including multi-junction VCSELs for 3D sensing and consumer devices as well as next-generation, high-speed VCSELs for datacom applications
Develop high-power and high-speed InP lasers, detectors, and components for applications in optical communications and sensing
High-power beam delivery			Develop multi-kW beam delivery systems and cables for welding and cutting
CVD diamond technology			Develop CVD diamond for EUV applications and as substrates for high-performance RF devices
Broaden our portfolio beyond infrared window applications
SiC technology SiC epitaxial wafers, devices, and modules			Develop advanced SiC substrate growth technologies to support emerging markets in GaN RF and SiC power electronics
Continuous improvement to maintain world-class, high-quality, large-diameter substrates and epitaxial wafers
Develop SiC epitaxial wafers, SiC diodes and MOSFET devices, and SiC power modules
Thermoelectric materials and devices			Continue to develop leading Bi2Te3 materials for thermoelectric cooling/heating
Focus on thermoelectric power-generation capability in order to introduce new products
Metal-matrix composites and reaction-bonded ceramics			Support industrial customers in developing application-specific material wear-out, light-weight high mechanical stability materials, and thermal-management solutions

Fiber laser technologies			Develop high-power fiber laser technologies for aerospace, defense, and commercial applications
High-speed ICs			Develop high-performance analog TIAs, laser drivers, and clock and data-recovery retimer (CDR) ICs

Other R&D
Area of Development:			Our RD&E Investments:
Digital signal processors (DSPs)			Develop high-speed DSPs for coherent optical communications
Optoelectronic chip hybrid integration platform (OCHIP)			Develop wafer-scale assembly technologies and processes for integration of lasers, optics, and ICs
Silicon photonics devices			Develop silicon-based photonic ICs for coherent and direct-detection transceivers and co-packaging solutions
Battery technology			Develop technology for lithium-ion batteries and recycling processes
Space-based laser communications			Develop technology and devices for space-based laser communications
Additive manufacturing			Develop alloys and multibeam delivery systems for laser additive manufacturing
Develop binder jet additive manufacturing for advanced ceramic components

Research and development expenditures were $377 million, $330 million, and $339 million for the fiscal years 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively.

Import and Export Compliance

We are required to comply with all relevant import/export and economic sanctions laws and regulations, including:

• The import regulations administered by U.S. Customs and Border Protection;

• The International Traffic in Arms Regulations administered by the U.S. Department of State, Directorate of Defense Trade Controls, which among other things impose licensing requirements on the export from the United States of certain defense articles and defense services, generally including items that are specially designed or adapted for a military application and/or listed on the United States Munitions List;

• The Export Administration Regulations administered by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Industry and Security, which among other things impose licensing requirements on certain dual-use goods, technology, and software; and

• The regulations administered by the U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, implementing economic sanctions against designated countries, governments, and persons based on U.S. foreign policy and national security considerations.

Foreign governments also have similar import and export control, and sanctions, laws, and regulations. For additional discussion regarding our import, export, and sanctions compliance, see the discussion in Item 1A. Risk Factors of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Trade Secrets, Patents, and Trademarks

Our use of trade secrets, proprietary know-how, trademarks, copyrights, patents, contractual confidentiality, and IP ownership provisions helps us develop and maintain our competitive position with respect to our products and manufacturing processes. We aggressively pursue process and product patents in certain areas of our businesses and in certain jurisdictions across the globe. We have entered into selective intellectual property licensing agreements. We have confidentiality and noncompetition agreements with certain personnel. We require our U.S. employees to sign a confidentiality and noncompetition agreement upon commencement of their employment with us. As of June 30, 2022, we had a total of approximately 2,100 patents globally.

Executive Officers of the Registrant

The executive officers of the Company and their respective ages and positions as of June 30, 2022, are set forth below. Each executive officer listed has been appointed by the board of directors to serve until removed or until a successor is appointed and qualified.

Name						Age						Position
Vincent D. Mattera, Jr.						66						Chair and Chief Executive Officer
Giovanni Barbarossa						60						Chief Strategy Officer and President, Compound Semiconductors
Walter R. Bashaw II						57						President
Mary Jane Raymond						61						Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
Christopher Koeppen						51						Chief Technology Officer
Ronald Basso						62						Chief Legal Officer and Compliance Officer and Secretary

Vincent D. Mattera, Jr. initially served as a member of the II-VI board of directors from 2000 to 2002. Dr. Mattera joined the Company as a Vice President in 2004 and served as Executive Vice President from January 2010 to November 2013, when he became the Chief Operating Officer. In November 2014, Dr. Mattera became the President and Chief Operating Officer and was reappointed to the board of directors. In November 2015, he became the President of II-VI. In September 2016, Dr. Mattera became the Company’s third President and Chief Executive Officer in 45 years and served as the Company’s President through June 2019, when the roles of President and Chief Executive Officer were separated. Dr. Mattera became the Company’s Board Chair in November 2021. During his career at II-VI, he has assumed successively broader management roles, including as a lead architect of the Company’s diversification strategy. He has provided vision, energy, and dispatch to the Company’s growth initiatives, including overseeing the acquisition-related integration activities in the United States, Europe, and Asia, thereby establishing additional platforms. These have contributed to a new positioning of the Company into large and transformative global growth markets while increasing considerably the global reach of the Company, deepening the technology and IP portfolio, broadening the product roadmap and customer base, and increasing the potential of II-VI.

Prior to joining II-VI as an executive, Dr. Mattera had a continuous 20-year career in the Optoelectronic Device Division of AT&T Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, and Agere Systems, during which he led the development and manufacturing of semiconductor laser-based materials and devices for optical and data communications networks. Dr. Mattera has nearly 40 years of leadership experience in the compound semiconductor materials, device technology, operations, and markets that are core to II-VI’s business and strategy. Dr. Mattera holds a B.S. degree in chemistry from the University of Rhode Island (1979) and a Ph.D. in chemistry from Brown University (1984). He completed the Stanford University Executive Program (1996). Dr. Mattera is a member of the Cleveland Clinic Florida Regional Board of Directors.

Giovanni Barbarossa joined II-VI in October 2012 and has been the Chief Strategy Officer of the Company and the President of the Compound Semiconductors Segment since July 2019. Previously, he was the Chief Technology Officer of the Company and the President of the Laser Solutions Segment. Dr. Barbarossa was employed at Avanex Corporation from 2000 through 2009, serving in various executive positions in product development and general management, ultimately serving as President and Chief Executive Officer. When Avanex merged with Bookham Technology, forming Oclaro, Dr. Barbarossa became a member of the board of directors of Oclaro and served as such from 2009 to 2012. Previously, he held senior management roles in the Optical Networking Division of Agilent Technologies and in the Network Products Group of Lucent Technologies. He was previously a Member of Technical Staff, then Technical Manager at AT&T Bell Labs, and a Research Associate at British Telecom Labs. Dr. Barbarossa graduated from the University of Bari, Italy, with a B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering, and holds a Ph.D. in Photonics from the University of Glasgow, U.K.

Walter R. Bashaw II has served as the Company’s President since July 2019. Mr. Bashaw served as the Company's Senior Vice President, Corporate Strategy and Development, Administration, from October 2018 to July 2019. Previously, Mr. Bashaw served as the Company's Interim General Counsel and Secretary from December 2015 until March 2017. Mr. Bashaw also previously was a Managing Shareholder and a Director of the law firm of Sherrard, German & Kelly, P.C. in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, until October 2018 and Of Counsel at SGK from October 2018 until June 2019. Mr. Bashaw graduated from the Pennsylvania State University with a B.S. degree in Logistics and also holds a J.D. degree from the University of Pittsburgh School of Law.

Mary Jane Raymond has been Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of the Company since March 2014. Previously, Ms. Raymond was Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Hudson Global Inc. from 2005 to 2013. Ms. Raymond was the Chief Risk Officer and Vice President and Corporate Controller at Dun and Bradstreet Inc. from 2002 to 2005. Additionally, she was the Vice President, Merger Integration, at Lucent Technologies from 1997 to 2002 and held several management positions at Cummins Engine Company from 1988 to 1997. In 2019, Ms. Raymond was named to the board of directors and Audit Committee of Veeco, Inc. Ms. Raymond holds a B.A. degree in Public Management from St. Joseph’s University, and an MBA from Stanford University.

Christopher Koeppen joined the Company in 2011 following the acquisition of Aegis Lightwave, Inc., where he served as General Manager, Aegis-NJ. He was named General Manager of II-VI’s Agile Network Products Division in 2012 and Director of Corporate Strategic Technology Planning in 2015. He then served as Vice President of the Industrial Laser Group and Corporate Strategic Technology Planning from 2017, until his appointment as Chief Technology Officer in 2019. Previously, Dr. Koeppen was co-founder and Chief Executive Officer of CardinalPoint Optics, prior to its acquisition by Aegis Lightwave. He has more than two decades of progressively increasing general and technology management experience in high-tech companies, including at Meriton Networks, Mahi Networks, Photuris, and Lucent Technologies. Dr. Koeppen holds a Ph.D. in Physics from the University of Pennsylvania, where he was an AT&T Bell Laboratories Scholar, and B.S. degrees in Physics and Mathematics from the Pennsylvania State University.

Ronald Basso joined II-VI in 2019 as Vice President, Corporate Development, and was named Chief Legal and Compliance Officer and Corporate Secretary in March 2022. Previously, Mr. Basso was the Executive Vice President of Business Development, General Counsel & Secretary for Black Box Corp. for six years. Before that, his 28-year career at Buchanan Ingersoll & Rooney PC involved significant client engagements on corporate, governance, securities, capital markets transactions, M&A, and executive compensation matters. He served on the II-VI IPO team in 1987 and as II-VI’s SEC counsel for 25 years until he joined Black Box. Mr. Basso holds a bachelor’s degree in Economics from the University of Pittsburgh and a J.D. degree from the University of Pittsburgh School of Law.

In addition, following the consummation of the Merger on July 1, 2022, Mark Sobey became an executive officer of the Company and serves as President of the Company’s Lasers Segment. Dr. Sobey, 62, served as Coherent Inc.’s Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer from April 2020 through the consummation of the Merger. Dr. Sobey previously served as Coherent Inc.’s Executive Vice President and General Manager of OEM Laser Sources (OLS) from 2016 to April 2020, Executive Vice President and General Manager of Specialty Laser Systems (SLS) from 2010 to 2016, and Senior Vice President and General Manager of SLS from 2007 until 2010. Prior to Coherent Inc., Dr. Sobey spent over 20 years in the Laser and Fiber Optics Telecommunications industries, including serving in Senior Vice President roles in Product Management at Cymer and Global Sales at JDS Uniphase. Dr. Sobey received his PhD in Engineering and BSc in Physics from the University of Strathclyde in Scotland.

Availability of Information

Our internet addresses are www.ii-vi.com and www.coherent.com. Information contained on our websites are not part of, and should not be construed as being incorporated by reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We post the following reports on our website as soon as reasonably practical after they are electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC: our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, our Current Reports on Form 8-K, and any amendments to those reports or statements filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act. In addition, we post our proxy statements on Schedule 14A related to our annual shareholders’ meetings as well as reports filed by our directors, officers, and 10% beneficial owners pursuant to Section 16 of the Exchange Act. In addition, all filings are available via the SEC’s website (www.sec.gov). We also make our corporate governance documents available on our website, including the Company’s Code of Ethical Business Conduct, Governance Guidelines, and the charters for our board committees. All such documents are located on the Investors page of our website and are available free of charge.