Item 1A. Risk Factors

There are no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in the "Risk Factors" section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 other than those listed below.

Risks Related to Gathering Segment and Transmission Segment Operations

We are subject to numerous operational risks and hazards incidental to the gathering, transmission and storage of natural gas, as well as unforeseen interruptions.

Our business operations are subject to the inherent hazards and risks normally incidental to the gathering, transmission and storage of natural gas. These operating risks, some of which we have experienced and/or could experience in the future, include but are not limited to:

• aging infrastructure and mechanical or structural problems;

• security risks, including cybersecurity;

• pollution and other environmental risks;

• operator error;

• failure of equipment, facilities or new technology;

• damage to pipelines, wells and storage assets, facilities, equipment, environmental controls and surrounding properties, and pipeline blockages or other operational interruptions, caused or exacerbated by natural phenomena, weather conditions, acts of sabotage, vandalism and terrorism;

• inadvertent damage from construction, vehicles, and farm and utility equipment;

• uncontrolled releases of natural gas and other hydrocarbons or of fresh, mixed or produced water, or other hazardous materials;

• leaks, migrations or losses of natural gas as a result of issues regarding pipeline and/or storage equipment or facilities and, including with respect to storage assets, as a result of undefined boundaries, geologic anomalies, limitations in then-applied industry-standard testing methodologies, operational practices (including as a result of regulatory requirements), natural pressure migration and wellbore migration or other factors relevant to such storage assets;

• ruptures, fires, leaks and explosions; and

• other hazards that could also result in personal injury and loss of life, pollution to the environment and suspension of operations.

Any such events, certain of which we have experienced, and any of which we may experience in the future, could result in loss of human life, personal injuries, significant damage to property, environmental pollution, impairment or interruption, which could be significant, to our operations, regulatory investigations and penalties or other sanctions and substantial losses to us and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and liquidity, particularly if the event is not fully covered by insurance. The location of certain segments of our systems in or near populated areas, including residential areas, commercial business centers and industrial sites, could increase the damages resulting from these risks. Accidents or other operating risks have resulted, and in the future could result, in loss of service available to our customers. Customer impacts arising from service interruptions on segments of our systems and/or our assets have included and/or may include, without limitation and as applicable, curtailments, limitations on our ability to satisfy customer contractual requirements, obligations to provide reservation charge credits to customers and solicitation of our existing customers by third parties for potential new projects that would compete directly with our existing services. Such circumstances could adversely impact our ability to retain customers and negatively impact our business, financial condition, results of operations, and liquidity.

Expanding our business by constructing new midstream assets subjects us to construction, business, economic, competitive, regulatory, judicial, environmental, political and legal uncertainties that are beyond our control.

The development and construction by us or our joint ventures of pipeline and storage facilities and the optimization of such assets involve numerous construction, business, economic, competitive, regulatory, judicial, environmental, political and legal uncertainties that are beyond our control, require the expenditure of significant amounts of capital and expose us to risks. Those risks include, but are not limited to: (i) physical construction conditions, such as topographical, or unknown or unanticipated geological, conditions and impediments; (ii) construction site access logistics; (iii) crew availability and productivity and ability to adhere to construction workforce drawdown plans; (iv) adverse weather conditions; (v) project opposition, including delays caused by landowners, advocacy groups or activists opposed to our projects and/or the natural gas industry through lawsuits or intervention in regulatory proceedings; (vi) environmental protocols and evolving regulatory or legal requirements and related impacts therefrom, including additional costs of compliance; (vii) the application of time of year or other regulatory restrictions affecting construction, (viii) failure to meet customer contractual requirements; (ix) environmental hazards; (x) vandalism; (xi) the lack of available skilled labor, equipment and materials (or escalating costs in respect thereof, including as a result of inflation); (xii) issues regarding availability of or access to connecting infrastructure; and (xiii) the inability to obtain necessary rights-of-way or approvals and permits from regulatory agencies on a timely basis or at all (and maintain such rights-of-way, approvals and permits once obtained, including by reason of judicial hostility or activism). Risks inherent in the construction of these types of projects, such as unanticipated geological conditions, challenging terrain in certain of our construction areas and severe or continuous adverse weather conditions, have adversely affected, and in the future could adversely affect, project timing, completion and cost, as well as increase the risk of loss of human life, personal injuries, significant damage to property or environmental pollution. Most notably, certain of these risks have been realized in the construction of the MVP project, including construction-related risks and adverse weather conditions, and such risks or other risks may be realized in the future which may further adversely affect the timing and/or cost of the MVP and the MVP Southgate project.

Given such risks and uncertainties, our midstream projects or those of our joint ventures may not be completed on schedule, within budgeted cost or at all. As a further example, public participation, including by pipeline infrastructure opponents, in the review and permitting process of projects, through litigation or otherwise, has previously introduced, and in the future can introduce, uncertainty and adversely affect project timing, completion and cost. See also Item 1A., "Risk Factors – The regulatory approval process for the construction of new transmission assets is very challenging, and, as demonstrated with the MVP pipeline, has resulted in significantly increased costs and delayed targeted in-service dates, and decisions by regulatory and/or judicial authorities in pending or potential proceedings relevant to the development of midstream assets, particularly any litigation instituted in the Fourth Circuit, such as regarding the MVP Southgate project and/or expansions or extensions of the MVP, are likely to impact our or the MVP Joint Venture's ability to obtain or maintain in effect all approvals and authorizations, including as may be necessary to complete certain projects in a timely manner or at all, or our ability to achieve the expected investment returns on the projects." Further, civil protests regarding environmental justice and social issues or challenges in project permitting processes related to such issues, including proposed construction and location of infrastructure associated with fossil fuels, poses an increased risk and may lead to increased litigation, legislative and regulatory initiatives and review at federal, state, tribal and local levels of government or permitting delays that can prevent or delay the construction of such infrastructure and realization of associated revenues.

Additionally, construction expenditures on projects generally occur over an extended period, yet we will not receive revenues from, or realize any material increases in cash flow as a result of, the relevant project until it is placed into service. Moreover, our cash flow from a project may be delayed or may not meet our expectations, including as a result of taxes which could potentially be calculated based on excess expenditures, inclusive of maintenance, incurred during extended court-driven construction delays. Furthermore, we may construct facilities to capture anticipated future growth in production and/or demand in a region in which such growth does not materialize or is delayed beyond our expectations. As a result, new facilities may not be able to attract enough throughput to achieve our expected investment return. Such issues in respect of the construction of midstream assets could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity.

The regulatory approval process for the construction of new transmission assets is very challenging, and, as demonstrated with the MVP pipeline, has resulted in significantly increased costs and delayed targeted in-service dates, and decisions by regulatory and/or judicial authorities in pending or potential proceedings relevant to the development of midstream assets, particularly any litigation instituted in the Fourth Circuit, such as regarding the MVP Southgate project and/or expansions or extensions of the MVP, are likely to impact our or the MVP Joint Venture's ability to obtain or maintain in effect all approvals and authorizations, including as may be necessary to complete certain projects in a timely manner or at all, or our ability to achieve the expected investment returns on the projects.

Certain of our projects require regulatory approval from federal, state and/or local authorities prior to and/or in the course of construction, including any extensions from, expansions of or additions to our and the MVP Joint Venture's gathering, transmission and storage systems, as applicable. The approval process for certain projects has become increasingly slower and more difficult, due in part to federal, state and local concerns related to exploration and production, transmission and gathering activities and associated environmental impacts, and the increasingly negative public perception regarding, and opposition to, the oil and gas industry, including major pipeline projects like the MVP and MVP Southgate. Further, regulatory approvals and authorizations, even when obtained, have increasingly been subject to judicial challenge by activists requesting that issued approvals and authorizations be stayed and vacated.

Accordingly, authorizations needed for our or the MVP Joint Venture's projects, including any expansion of the MVP project and the MVP Southgate project or other extensions, may not be granted or, if granted, such authorizations may include burdensome or expensive conditions or may later be stayed or revoked or vacated, as was repeatedly the case with the construction of the MVP project, particularly in respect of litigation in the Fourth Circuit. Significant delays in the regulatory approval process for projects, as well as stays and losses of critical authorizations and permits, should they be experienced, have the potential to significantly increase costs, delay targeted in-service dates and/or affect operations for projects (among other adverse effects), as has happened with the MVP and the originally contemplated MVP Southgate projects and could occur in the future in the case of authorizations required for our or the MVP Joint Venture's current or future projects, including in respect of developing expansions or extensions, such as expansion of the MVP project and the MVP Southgate project.

Any such adverse developments and uncertainties could adversely affect our ability, and/or, as applicable, the ability for the MVP Joint Venture and its owners, including us, to achieve expected investment returns, adversely affect our willingness or ability and/or that of our joint venture partners to continue to pursue projects, and/or cause impairments, including to our equity investment in the MVP Joint Venture.

We have experienced and may further experience increased opposition with respect to our and the MVP Joint Venture's projects from activists in the form of lawsuits, intervention in regulatory proceedings and otherwise, which could result in adverse impacts to our business, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity. In particular, opponents were successful in past challenges with respect to the MVP project and certain challenges with respect to MVP project authorizations remain outstanding. Opposition is ongoing regarding the MVP Southgate project and is expected for future projects, including any expansions of the MVP. If ongoing or future challenges are successful, it could result in significant, adverse impacts to our business, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity. Such opposition has made it increasingly difficult to complete projects and place them in service and, following any in-service, may also affect operations or affect extensions and/or expansions of projects. Further, such opposition and/or adverse court rulings and regulatory determinations may have the effect of increasing the timeframe on necessary agency action to address actual or perceived concerns in prior adverse court rulings, or may have the effect of increasing the risk that at a future point joint venture partners may elect not to continue to pursue or fund a project, which could, absent additional project sponsors, significantly imperil the ability to complete the project. See also Item 1A., "Risk Factors – We have entered into joint ventures, and may in the future enter into additional or modify existing joint ventures, that might restrict our operational and corporate flexibility and divert our management's time and our resources. In addition, we exercise no control over joint venture partners and it may be difficult or impossible for us to cause these joint ventures or partners to take actions that we believe would be in our or the joint venture's best interests and these joint ventures are subject to many of the same risks to which we are subject." Challenges to our projects could adversely affect our business (including by increasing the possibility of investor activism), financial condition, results of operations, and liquidity.

Increased competition from other companies that provide gathering, transmission and storage of natural gas, or from alternative fuel or energy sources, could negatively impact demand for our services, which could adversely affect our financial results.

Our ability to renew or replace existing contracts or add new contracts at rates sufficient to maintain or grow our Gathering segment and Transmission segment revenues and cash flows could be adversely affected by the activities of our midstream competitors. Our midstream systems compete primarily with other interstate and intrastate pipelines and storage facilities in the gathering, transmission and storage of natural gas. Some of our competitors have greater financial resources and may be better positioned to compete, including if the midstream industry moves towards greater consolidation. Some of these competitors may expand or construct gathering systems, transmission and storage systems that would create additional competition for the services we provide to our customers. In addition, certain of our customers have developed or acquired their own gathering infrastructure, and may acquire or develop gathering, transmission or storage infrastructure in the future, which could have a negative impact on the demand for our services depending on the location of such systems relative to our assets and our producer customers' drilling plans, commodity prices, existing contracts and other factors.

The policies of the FERC promoting competition in natural gas markets continue to have the effect of increasing the natural gas transmission and storage options for our customer base. As a result, in the future we could experience "turnback" of firm capacity as existing agreements expire. If we are unable to remarket this capacity or can remarket it only at substantially discounted rates compared to previous contracts, we may have to bear the costs associated with the turned back capacity. Increased competition could reduce the volumes of natural gas transported or stored on our systems or, in cases where we do not have long-term firm contracts, could force us to lower our transmission or storage rates.

Further, natural gas as a fuel competes with other forms of energy available to end-users, including coal, liquid fuels and, increasingly, renewable and alternative energy. Increases, whether driven by legislation, regulation or consumer preferences, in the availability and demand for renewable and alternative energy at the expense of natural gas (or increases in the demand for other sources of energy relative to natural gas based on price and other factors) could adversely affect our producer customers and lead to a reduction in demand for our natural gas gathering, transmission and storage services.

In addition, competition, including from renewable and alternative energy, could intensify the negative impact of factors that decrease demand for natural gas in the markets served by our systems, such as adverse economic conditions, weather, higher fuel costs and taxes or other governmental or regulatory actions that directly or indirectly increase the cost or limit the use of natural gas.

All of these competitive pressures could make it more difficult for us to retain our existing customers and/or attract new customers and/or additional volumes from existing customers as we seek to maintain and expand our business, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and liquidity.

We may not be able to renew or replace expiring gathering, transmission or storage contracts at favorable rates, on a long-term basis or at all, and disagreements have occurred and may arise with contractual counterparties on the interpretation of existing or future contractual terms.

One of our exposures to market risk occurs at the time our existing gathering, transmission and storage contracts expire and are subject to renegotiation and renewal. As these contracts expire, we may have to negotiate extensions or renewals with existing customers or enter into new contracts with existing customers or other customers. We may be unable to do so on favorable commercial terms, if at all. Further, we also may be unable to maintain the economic structure of a particular contract with an existing customer or the overall mix of our contract portfolio. The extension or renewal of existing contracts and entry into new contracts depends on a number of factors beyond our control, including, but not limited to: (i) the level of existing and new competition to provide services to our markets; (ii) macroeconomic factors affecting natural gas economics for our current and potential customers; (iii) the balance of supply and demand, on a short-term, seasonal and long-term basis, in our markets; (iv) the extent to which the customers in our markets are willing to contract on a long-term basis or require capacity on our systems; (v) customers' existing and future downstream commitments; and (vi) the effects of federal, state or local regulations on the contracting practices of our customers and us. Additionally, disagreements may arise with contractual counterparties on the interpretation of contractual provisions, including during the negotiation, for example, of contract amendments required to be entered into upon the occurrence of specified events.

Any failure to extend or replace a significant portion of our existing contracts or to extend or replace our significant contracts, or extending or replacing contracts at unfavorable or lower rates or with lower or no associated firm reservation fee revenues, or other disadvantageous terms relative to the prior contract structure, or disagreements or disputes on the interpretation of existing or future contractual terms, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and liquidity.

We may not be able to increase our customer throughput and resulting revenue due to competition and other factors, which could limit our ability to grow our Gathering segment and Transmission segment.

Our ability to increase our customer-subscribed capacity and throughput and resulting revenue is subject to numerous factors beyond our control, including competition from producers' existing contractual obligations to competitors, the location of our assets relative to those of competitors for existing or potential producer customers (or such producer customers' own midstream assets), takeaway capacity constraints out of the Appalachian Basin, commodity prices, producers' optionality in utilizing our (relative to third-party) systems to fill downstream commitments, and the extent to which we have available capacity when and where shippers require it. To the extent that we lack available capacity on our systems for volumes, or we cannot economically increase capacity, we may not be able to compete effectively with third-party systems for additional natural gas production in our areas of operation and capacity constraints, as well as commodity prices, may, as has occurred in the past, adversely affect the degree to which natural gas production occurs in the Appalachian Basin, and relatedly the degree to which our systems are utilized.

Our efforts to attract new customers or larger commitments from existing customers may be adversely affected by our desire to provide services pursuant to long-term firm contracts and contracts with MVCs. Our potential customers may prefer to obtain services under other forms of contractual arrangements which could require volumetric exposure or potentially direct commodity exposure, and we may not be willing to agree to such other forms of contractual arrangements.

If third-party pipelines and other facilities interconnected to our pipelines and facilities become unavailable to transport or process natural gas or do not accept deliveries of natural gas from us, our business, financial condition, results of operations, and liquidity could be adversely affected.

We depend on third-party pipelines and other facilities that provide receipt and delivery options to and from our transmission and storage systems. For example, our storage system and the MVP Joint Venture's transmission system interconnect, as applicable, with the following third-party interstate pipelines: Transcontinental Gas Pipe Line Company, LLC, East Tennessee Natural Gas, Texas Eastern, Eastern Gas Transmission, Columbia Gas Transmission, Tennessee Gas Pipeline Company, Rockies Express Pipeline LLC, National Fuel Gas Supply Corporation and ET Rover Pipeline, LLC, as well as multiple distribution companies. Similarly, our gathering systems have multiple delivery interconnects to multiple interstate pipelines. In the event that our or the MVP Joint Venture's access to such systems is impaired (or any third-party refuses to accept our or any of the MVP Joint Venture's deliveries), our or the MVP Joint Venture's operations could be adversely affected, resulting in adverse economic impact to us or the MVP Joint Venture.

Because we do not own these third-party pipelines or facilities, their continuing operation and access requirements are not within our control. If these or any other pipeline connections or facilities were to become unavailable for current or future volumes of natural gas due to repairs, damage to the facility, lack of capacity or any other reason, our or the MVP Joint Venture's ability to operate efficiently and ship natural gas to end markets could be restricted, as has occurred in the past. Any temporary or permanent interruption at any key pipeline interconnect or facility could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and liquidity.

A substantial majority of the services we provide on our transmission and storage system are subject to long-term, fixed-price "negotiated rate" contracts that are subject to limited or no adjustment, even if our cost to perform such services exceeds the revenues received from such contracts, and, as a result, our costs could exceed our revenues received under such contracts, we could be unable to achieve the expected investment return under such contracts, and/or our business, financial condition, results of operations, and liquidity could be adversely affected.

It is possible that costs to perform services under "negotiated rate" contracts could exceed the negotiated rates we have agreed to with our customers. If this occurs, it could decrease the cash flow realized by our systems and, therefore, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and liquidity. Under FERC policy, a regulated service provider and a customer may mutually agree to a "negotiated rate," and that contract must be filed with and accepted by the FERC. As of December 31, 2023, approximately 97% of the contracted firm transmission capacity on our system was subscribed under such "negotiated rate" contracts. Unless the parties to these "negotiated rate" contracts agree otherwise, the contracts generally may not be adjusted to account for increased costs that could be caused by inflation, greenhouse gas emission cost (such as carbon taxes, fees, or assessments) or other factors relating to the specific facilities being used to perform the services.

We have entered into joint ventures, and may in the future enter into additional or modify existing joint ventures, that might restrict our operational and corporate flexibility and divert our management's time and our resources. In addition, we exercise no control over joint venture partners and it may be difficult or impossible for us to cause these joint ventures or partners to take actions that we believe would be in our or the joint venture's best interests and these joint ventures are subject to many of the same risks to which we are subject.

We have entered into several joint ventures primarily pertaining to the construction and operation of certain midstream infrastructure, including the MVP Joint Venture and Eureka Midstream Holdings, and may in the future enter into additional joint venture arrangements with third parties, including in respect of any expansion of the MVP. Joint venture arrangements may restrict our operational and corporate flexibility. Joint venture arrangements and dynamics can also divert management and operating resources in a manner that is disproportionate to our ownership percentage in such ventures. Because we do not control all of the decisions of our joint ventures or joint venture partners, it may be difficult or impossible for us to cause these joint ventures or partners to take actions that we believe would be in our or the joint venture's best interests. Moreover, joint venture arrangements involve various risks and uncertainties, such as committing that we fund operating and/or capital expenditures, the timing and amount of which we may not control, and our joint venture partners may not act in a manner that we believe would be in our or the joint venture's best interests, may elect not to support further pursuit of projects, and/or may not satisfy their financial obligations to the joint venture. The loss of joint venture partner support in further pursuing or funding a project may, and would in the case of the MVP project, significantly adversely affect the ability to complete the project. In addition, such joint ventures are subject to many of the same risks to which we are subject.

Significant portions of our assets have been in service for several decades. There could be unknown events or conditions, or increased maintenance or repair expenses and downtime, associated with our assets that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and liquidity.

Significant portions of our transmission and storage system have been in service for several decades. The age and condition of these systems has contributed to, and could result in, adverse events, or increased maintenance or repair expenditures, and downtime associated with increased maintenance and repair activities, as applicable. Any such adverse events or any significant increase in maintenance and repair expenditures or downtime, or related loss of revenue, due to the age or condition of our systems could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and liquidity. See also Item 1A., **"**Risk Factors – We and our joint ventures may incur significant costs and liabilities as a result of performance of our pipeline and storage integrity management programs and compliance with increasingly stringent safety regulation."

We do not own all of the land on which our pipelines and facilities are located, which could disrupt our operations and future development.

We do not own all of the land on which our pipelines, storage systems and facilities have been constructed, and we have been, and in the future could be, subject to more onerous terms, and/or increased costs or delays, in attempting (or by virtue of the need to attempt) to acquire or to maintain use rights to land. Although many of these rights are perpetual in nature, we occasionally obtain the rights to construct and operate our pipelines and other facilities on land owned by third parties and governmental agencies for a specific period of time or in a manner in which certain facts could give rise to the presumption of the abandonment of the pipeline or other facilities. As has been the case in the past, if we were to be unsuccessful in negotiating or renegotiating rights-of-way or easements, we might have to institute condemnation proceedings on our FERC-regulated assets, the potential for which may have a negative effect on the timing and/or terms of FERC action on a project's certification application and/or the timing of any authorized activities, or relocate our facilities for non-regulated assets. The FERC has announced a policy that would presumptively stay the effectiveness of certain future construction certificates, which may limit when we are able to exercise condemnation authority. It is possible that the U.S. Congress may amend Section 7 of the NGA to codify the FERC's presumptive stay or otherwise limit, modify, or remove the ability to utilize condemnation. It is also possible that a court may limit, modify or remove an operator's ability to utilize condemnation under Section 7 of the NGA. A loss of rights-of-way, lease or easements or a relocation of our non-regulated assets could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and ability to pay dividends to our shareholders. Additionally, even when we own an interest in the land on which our pipelines, storage systems and facilities have been constructed, agreements with correlative rights owners have caused us to, and in the future may require that we, relocate pipelines and facilities or shut in storage systems and facilities to facilitate the development of the correlative rights owners' estate, or pay the correlative rights owners the lost value of their estate if they are not willing to accommodate development.

Our and the MVP Joint Venture's natural gas gathering, transmission and storage services, as applicable, are subject to extensive regulation by federal, state and local regulatory authorities. Changes in or additional regulatory measures adopted by such authorities, and related litigation, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and liquidity.

Our and the MVP Joint Venture's interstate natural gas transmission and storage operations, as applicable, are regulated by the FERC under the NGA and the Natural Gas Policy Act of 1978 (NGPA) and the regulations, rules and policies promulgated under those and other statutes. Our and the MVP Joint Venture's FERC-regulated operations are pursuant to tariffs approved by the FERC that establish rates (other than market-based rate authority), cost recovery mechanisms and terms and conditions of service to our customers. The FERC's authority extends to a variety of matters relevant to our operations.

Pursuant to the NGA, existing interstate transmission and storage rates, terms and conditions of service, and contracts may be challenged by complaint and are subject to prospective change by the FERC. Additionally, rate increases, changes to terms and conditions of service and contracts proposed by a regulated interstate pipeline may be protested and such actions can be delayed and may ultimately be rejected by the FERC. As of the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we and the MVP Joint Venture currently hold authority from the FERC to charge and collect (i) "recourse rates," which are the maximum rates an interstate pipeline may charge for its services under its tariff, (ii) "discount rates," which are rates below the "recourse rates" and above a minimum level, (iii) "negotiated rates," which involve rates that may be above or below the "recourse rates," provided that the affected customers are willing to agree to such rates and that the FERC has approved the negotiated rate agreement, and (iv) market-based rates for some of our storage services from which we derive a small portion of our revenues. As of December 31, 2023, approximately 97% of our contracted firm transmission capacity was subscribed to by customers under negotiated rate agreements under our tariff, rather than recourse, discount or market-based rate contracts. There can be no guarantee that we or the MVP Joint Venture will be allowed to continue to operate under such rates or rate structures for the remainder of those assets' operating lives. Customers, the FERC or other interested stakeholders, such as state regulatory agencies, may challenge our or the MVP Joint Venture's rates offered to customers or the terms and conditions of service included in our tariffs. Neither we nor the MVP Joint Venture have an agreement in place that would prohibit customers from challenging our or the MVP Joint Venture's rates or tariffs. Any successful challenge against rates charged for our or the MVP Joint Venture's transmission and storage services, as applicable, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and liquidity.

Any changes to the FERC's policies regarding the natural gas industry may have an impact on us, including the FERC's approach to pro-competitive policies as it considers matters such as interstate pipeline rates and rules and policies that may affect rights of access to natural gas transmission capacity and transmission and storage facilities. The FERC and U.S. Congress may continue to evaluate changes in the NGA or new or modified FERC regulations or policies that may impact our or the MVP Joint Venture's operations and affect our or the MVP Joint Venture's ability to construct new facilities and the timing and cost of such new facilities, as well as the rates charged to our or the MVP Joint Venture's customers and the services provided.

Our and the MVP Joint Venture's significant construction projects generally require review by multiple governmental agencies, including state and local agencies, whose cooperation is important in completing the regulatory process on schedule. Any agency's delay in the issuance of, or refusal to issue, authorizations or permits, issuance of such authorizations or permits with unanticipated conditions, or the loss of a previously-issued authorization or permit, for one or more of these projects may mean that we will not be able to pursue these projects or that they will be constructed in a manner or with capital requirements that we did not anticipate (as has been the case with our MVP project). Such delays, refusals, losses of permits, or resulting modifications to projects, certain of which we have experienced with respect to the MVP project and the originally contemplated MVP Southgate project, could materially and negatively impact the revenues and costs expected from these projects or cause us or our joint venture partners to abandon planned projects.

Failure to comply with applicable provisions of the NGA, the NGPA, federal pipeline safety laws and certain other laws, as well as with the regulations, rules, orders, restrictions and conditions associated with these laws, could result in the imposition of administrative and criminal remedies and civil penalties. For example, the FERC is authorized to impose civil penalties of up to approximately $1.5 million (adjusted periodically for inflation) per violation, per day for violations of the NGA, the NGPA or the rules, regulations, restrictions, conditions and orders promulgated under those statutes.

In addition, future federal, state or local legislation or regulations under which we or the MVP Joint Venture will operate may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and liquidity.

We and our joint ventures may incur significant costs and liabilities as a result of performance of our pipeline and storage integrity management programs and compliance with increasingly stringent safety regulation.

The U.S. Department of Transportation, acting through PHMSA, and certain state agencies certificated by PHMSA, have adopted regulations requiring pipeline operators to develop an integrity management program for transmission pipelines located where a leak or rupture could impact high population sensitive areas (also known as High Consequence Areas) and newly defined Moderate Consequence Areas, and an integrity management program for storage wells, unless the operator effectively demonstrates by a prescriptive risk assessment that these operational assets have mitigated risks that could affect these predefined areas, as applicable. The regulations require operators, including us, to perform ongoing assessments of pipeline and storage integrity; identify and characterize applicable threats to pipeline segments and storage wells that could impact population sensitive areas; confirm maximum allowable operating pressures; maintain and improve processes for data collection, integration and analysis; repair and remediate facilities as necessary; and implement preventive and mitigating actions. In addition to population sensitive areas, PHMSA has recently adopted regulations extending existing design, operation and maintenance, and reporting requirements to onshore gathering pipelines in rural areas. Finally, new PHMSA regulations require operators of certain transmission pipelines to assess their integrity management and maintenance practices, comply with enhanced corrosion control and mitigation timelines, and follow new requirements for pipeline inspections following an extreme weather event or natural disaster.

The cost and financial impact of compliance will vary and depend on factors such as the number and extent of maintenance determined to be necessary as a result of the application of our integrity management programs, and such costs and financial impact could have a material adverse effect on us. Further, our pipeline and storage integrity management programs depend in part on inspection tools and methodologies developed, maintained, enhanced and applied, and certain testing conducted, by certain third parties, many of which are widely utilized within the natural gas industry. Advances in these tools and methodologies could identify potential and/or additional integrity issues for our assets. Consequently, we may incur additional costs and expenses to remediate those newly identified or potential issues, and we may not have the ability to timely comply with applicable laws and regulations. Additionally, pipeline and storage safety laws and regulations are subject to change and failures to comply with pipeline and storage safety laws and regulations, including changes in such laws and regulations or interpretations thereof that result in more stringent or costly safety standards, could have a material adverse effect on us.

We may, and joint ventures of which we are the operator could, as is the case with the MVP Joint Venture, become subject to consent orders and agreements relating to integrity matters. Failure to comply with any such consent order or agreements could have adverse effects on our business.

Risks Related to the Equitrans Midstream Merger

We incurred significant indebtedness as a result of the Equitrans Midstream Merger, and any future indebtedness, as well as the restrictions under our and our subsidiaries' debt agreements, could adversely affect our operating flexibility, business, financial condition, results of operations, and liquidity.

As a result of the Equitrans Midstream Merger, we incurred additional indebtedness under EQT's revolving credit facility, and the outstanding debt under Eureka's revolving credit facility and the outstanding senior notes issued by EQM were consolidated by the Company. See Note 7 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of EQT's revolving credit facility, Eureka's revolving credit facility and the outstanding senior notes issued by EQM. Eureka's revolving credit facility contains various covenants and restrictive provisions that limit Eureka's ability to, among other things: incur or guarantee additional debt, make distributions on or redeem or repurchase membership units, incur or permit liens on assets, enter into certain types of transactions with affiliates, enter into burdensome agreements, subject to certain specified exceptions, enter into certain mergers or acquisitions; and, dispose of all or substantially all of their respective assets.

Additionally, under Eureka's revolving credit facility, Eureka is required to maintain a Consolidated Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Eureka Credit Agreement) of not more than 4.75 to 1.00 (or not more than 5.25 to 1.00 for certain measurement periods following the consummation of certain acquisitions). As of the end of any fiscal quarter, Eureka may not permit the ratio of Consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the Eureka Credit Agreement) for the four fiscal quarters then ending to Consolidated Interest Charges (as defined in the Eureka Credit Agreement) to be less than 2.50 to 1.00. Eureka's revolving credit facility also contains certain events of default, including the occurrence of a change of control (as defined in the Eureka Credit Agreement). Events beyond the control of Eureka (including changes in general economic and business conditions) may affect the ability of Eureka to meet and comply with their respective financial obligations and covenants.

The provisions of our and our subsidiaries' debt agreements may affect our ability to obtain future financing and pursue attractive business opportunities and our flexibility in planning for, and reacting to, changes in business conditions. In addition, a failure to comply with the provisions of these debt agreements could result in an event of default, which could enable creditors to, subject to the terms and conditions of the applicable agreement, declare any outstanding principal of that debt, together with accrued and unpaid interest, to be immediately due and payable. If the payment of the debt is accelerated, our assets may be insufficient to repay such debt in full, and in turn our shareholders could experience a partial or total loss of their investments. EQT's revolving credit facility, Eureka's revolving credit facility, the Term Loan Facility and certain of EQT's and EQM's senior notes each contain a cross default provision that applies to a default related to any other indebtedness the applicable borrower may have with an aggregate principal amount in excess of a specified threshold as set forth in the applicable debt documents.

Our and our subsidiaries' levels of debt could have important consequences to us, including that our ability to obtain additional financing, if necessary, for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions or other purposes may be impaired, or such financing may not be available on favorable terms; our funds available for operations, future business opportunities and dividends to our shareholders may be reduced by that portion of our cash flow required to make interest payments on our or our subsidiaries' debt; we may be more vulnerable to competitive pressures or a downturn in our business or the economy generally; and our flexibility in responding to changing business and economic conditions may be limited.

Our ability to service our and our subsidiaries' current, or our or our subsidiaries' future respective debts, will depend upon, among other things, our future financial and operating performance, which will be affected by prevailing economic conditions and financial, business, regulatory and other factors, some of which are beyond our control. Further, we view de-levering our business as a critical strategic objective given that leverage levels affect the manner in which we may pursue strategic and organic initiatives, our ability to respond to market and competitive pressures, and the competition for investment capital. Our ability to de-lever and the pace thereof will depend on our future financial and operating performance, which will be affected by prevailing economic conditions and financial, business, regulatory and other factors, as well as the MVP Joint Venture's ability to execute on project-level financing, some of which are beyond our control.

If our operating results are not sufficient to service our and our subsidiaries' current, or our or our subsidiaries' future indebtedness, as applicable, or our operating results affect our ability to comply with covenants in our debt agreements, we may be forced to take actions such as seeking modifications to the terms of our debt agreements, including providing guarantees, pledging assets as collateral, reducing dividends, reducing or delaying our business activities, acquisitions, investments or capital expenditures, selling assets or seeking additional equity or debt capital. We may not be able to timely effect any of these actions on satisfactory terms or at all. Further, if our operating results are not sufficient to enable de-levering or affect the pace of de-levering, or if MVP project-level financing is not realized, the manner in which we may pursue strategic and organic initiatives, address market and competitive pressures, and compete for investment capital may be adversely affected, absent additional actions to de-lever, which may not be available to us on satisfactory terms or at all.

Our and our subsidiaries' current indebtedness and the additional debt we and/or our subsidiaries will incur in the future for, among other things, working capital, repayment of existing indebtedness, capital expenditures, capital contributions to joint ventures, including the MVP Joint Venture, acquisitions or operating activities may adversely affect our liquidity and therefore our ability to pay dividends to our shareholders.

In addition, our and our subsidiaries' level of indebtedness may be viewed negatively by credit rating agencies, our or our subsidiaries' credit ratings may be lowered, we may reduce or delay our planned capital expenditures or investments, and we may revise our shareholder returns strategy or other strategic plans. Changes in our or our subsidiaries' credit ratings may affect our access to the capital markets, the cost of short-term debt through interest rates and fees under our lines of credit, the interest rate on EQT's revolving credit facility, Eureka's revolving credit facility, the Term Loan Facility and EQT's senior notes with adjustable rates, the rates available on new long-term debt, our pool of investors and funding sources, the borrowing costs and margin deposit requirements on our OTC derivative instruments and credit assurance requirements, including collateral, in support of our midstream service contracts, joint venture arrangements or construction contracts.

We may not achieve the anticipated benefits of the Equitrans Midstream Merger, and the Equitrans Midstream Merger may disrupt our current plans or operations.

There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully integrate Equitrans Midstream and the anticipated benefits of the transaction may not be realized fully or at all or may take longer to realize than expected. If the combined company is not able to realize the anticipated benefits expected from the transaction within the anticipated timing or at all, the combined company's business, financial condition and operating results may be adversely affected, the combined company's earnings per share may be diluted, the accretive effect of the Equitrans Midstream Merger may decrease or be delayed and the share price of the combined company may be negatively impacted. The integration of the two companies has required and will continue to require significant time and focus from management and could result in performance shortfalls as a result of the diversion of management's attention to such integration efforts. Difficulties in integrating Equitrans Midstream into our company may result in the combined company performing differently than expected, in operational challenges or in the failure to realize anticipated synergies on the anticipated timeline. Potential difficulties that may be encountered in the integration process include, among others, complexities associated with managing a larger, more complex, integrated business; potential unknown liabilities and unforeseen expenses associated with Equitrans Midstream; and inconsistencies between the two company's standards, controls, procedures and policies. In addition, our business may be negatively impacted if we are unable to effectively manage our expanded operations.

We are expected to continue to incur significant transaction costs in connection with the Equitrans Midstream Merger, which may be in excess of those anticipated by us.

We have incurred and are expected to continue to incur a number of non-recurring costs associated with the Equitrans Midstream Merger, combining the operations of the two companies and achieving desired synergies. These fees and costs have been, and will continue to be, substantial and could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and operating results. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, we recognized $274.6 million and $298.7 million, respectively, of transaction costs related to the Equitrans Midstream Merger. Of this amount, for the three months ended September 30, 2024, we recognized severance and other termination benefits and stock-based compensation costs of $161.0 million.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

We did not repurchase any equity securities registered under Section 12 of the Exchange Act during the third quarter of 2024.

On December 13, 2021, we announced that our Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program (the Share Repurchase Program) authorizing us to repurchase shares of our outstanding common stock for an aggregate purchase price of up to $1 billion, excluding fees, commissions and expenses. On September 6, 2022, we announced that our Board of Directors approved a $1 billion increase to the Share Repurchase Program, pursuant to which approval we are authorized to repurchase shares of our outstanding common stock for an aggregate purchase price of up to $2 billion, excluding fees, commissions and expenses. Repurchases under the Share Repurchase Program may be made from time to time in amounts and at prices we deem appropriate and will be subject to a variety of factors, including the market price of our common stock, general market and economic conditions, applicable legal requirements and other considerations. The Share Repurchase Program was originally scheduled to expire on December 31, 2023; however, on April 26, 2023, we announced that our Board of Directors approved a one-year extension of the Share Repurchase Program. As a result of such extension, the Share Repurchase Program will expire on December 31, 2024, but it may be suspended, modified or discontinued at any time without prior notice. As of September 30, 2024, we had purchased shares for an aggregate purchase price of $622.1 million, excluding fees, commissions and expenses, under the Share Repurchase Program since its inception, and the approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the Share Repurchase Program is $1.4 billion.