Cover and table of contents

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Cover and table of contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

**☒**ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2025

or

**☐**TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO

Commission file number 000-19319

Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Massachusetts

(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

50 Northern Avenue**,** Boston**,** Massachusetts

(Address of principal executive offices)

04-3039129

(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

02210

(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code (617) 341-6100

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act:

Title of Each ClassTrading SymbolName of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, $0.01 Par Value Per ShareVRTXThe Nasdaq Global Select Market

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during

the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for

the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of

Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒

No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging

growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2

of the Exchange Act (Check one):

Large accelerated filer ☒ Accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☐ Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or

revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over

financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit

report. ☒

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing

reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any

of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to § 240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The aggregate market value of the registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant based on the closing price on June 30, 2025 (the last business

day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter of 2025) was $113.4 billion.

As of February 6, 2026, the registrant had 254,034,190 shares of common stock outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the definitive proxy statement for the 2026 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, which we expect to hold on May 13, 2026, are incorporated by

reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS INCORPORATED

ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I
Item 1.Business1
Information about our Executive Officers22
Item 1A.Risk Factors24
Item 1B.Unresolved Staff Comments39
Item 1C.Cybersecurity39
Item 2.Properties40
Item 3.Legal Proceedings41
Item 4.Mine Safety Disclosures41
PART II
Item 5.Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities42
Item 6.[Reserved]43
Item 7.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations44
Item 7A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk60
Item 8.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data61
Item 9.Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure61
Item 9A.Controls and Procedures61
Item 9B.Other Information64
Item 9C.Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections64
PART III
Item 10.Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance65
Item 11.Executive Compensation65
Item 12.Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters65
Item 13.Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence65
Item 14.Principal Accountant Fees and Services65
PART IV
Item 15.Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules66
Item 16.Form 10-K Summary69
Signatures70

“Vertex,” “we,” “us” and “our” as used in this Annual Report on Form 10-K refer to Vertex Pharmaceuticals

Incorporated, a Massachusetts corporation, and its subsidiaries.

“VERTEX®,” “KALYDECO®,” “ORKAMBI®,” “SYMDEKO®,” “SYMKEVI®,” “TRIKAFTA®,” “KAFTRIO®,”

“CASGEVY®,” “ALYFTREK®,” and “JOURNAVX®” are registered trademarks of Vertex. Other brands, names and

trademarks contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are the property of their respective owners.

We use the brand name for our products when we refer to the product that has been approved and with respect to the

indications on the approved label. Otherwise, we refer to our product candidates by their scientific (or generic) name or VX

developmental designation.

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements. Words such as “anticipates,” “may,”

“forecasts,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “potentially,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates,” variations of such words and

similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements

contain these identifying words. Please refer to “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” set forth in Part I,

Item 1A, for a discussion of our forward-looking statements and the related risks and uncertainties of such statements.

PART I

Next: Item 1. BUSINESS