CRH (CRH) 10-K risk factor changes: FY2024 vs FY2023

In addition, CRH may also be negatively impacted by fluctuations in the price of fuel and principal energy-related raw materials, which accounted for approximately [removed: 11%] [added: 10%] of total revenues in [removed: 2023,] [added: 2024,] compared to [removed: 13%] [added: 11%] in [removed: 2022,] [added: 2023,] with no guarantee that the Company will continue to be able to absorb these inflationary pressures.

A significant percentage of the Company’s products and/or [removed: services, particularly in the United States,] [added: services] is consumed by public infrastructure projects, including the construction of [removed: highways, bridges] [added: highways] and [removed: public utilities.][added: bridges.]

The allocation of government funding for public infrastructure programs is a key driver for our markets, such as the infrastructure [removed: and utilities] elements of the [removed: IIJA] [added: Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA)] in the United States, and large European infrastructure initiatives.

CRH primarily operates across North [removed: America] [added: America, Europe] and [removed: Europe.][added: Australia.]

CRH Form 10-K [removed: 10][added: 16]

*CRH may not achieve its strategic objectives if it is not successful in attracting, engaging, retaining and developing employees with the required skill sets, planning for leadership succession, developing [removed: a diverse] [added: an engaged] and inclusive workforce, and building constructive relationships with collective representation groups.*

As well as ensuring the Company identifies, hires, integrates, engages, develops and promotes talent, the Company must attract and retain a [removed: diverse] [added: broad] workforce [added: representing diversity of thought] and [added: perspective and] maintain an inclusive working environment.

Our ability to achieve these objectives depends on [removed: population demographics in our local markets,] the availability of a pool of workers with the required training and skills, and the attractiveness of our employer value proposition compared with competing employers.

If such interpretations, inferences or assumptions are subsequently proven incorrect and differ materially from actual geological conditions and/or production rates, we may exhaust reserves more quickly than anticipated over the [removed: long term.][added: long-term.]

For additional information on the Company’s [removed: reserve] [added: reserves] position, see pages [removed: 19] [added: 22] to [removed: 23.][added: 26.]

CRH Form 10-K [removed: 11][added: 17]

- Technology: The Company has publicly set itself carbon emission reduction goals and ambitions, the delivery of which may depend on the rapid advancement of technologies, such as [removed: Carbon Capture, Usage and Storage (CCUS),] [added: CCUS,] that are still in early prototype or development phases.

CRH, through its $250 million [removed: CRH Ventures fund,] [added: Venturing and Innovation Fund,] makes investments in early stage ventures focused on construction, sustainability and digitalization technology whose products and services may offer us future competitive advantage.

CRH Form 10-K [removed: 12][added: 18]

In addition to damaging equipment, extreme weather events could also disrupt operations through delaying project start dates, extending product curing times, and/or disrupting [removed: utility] infrastructure on which we depend including power and water networks.

As an Irish incorporated company, with a [added: primary] listing on the NYSE and [removed: standard] [added: an international secondary] listing on the LSE, CRH must comply with a wide variety of local and international laws and regulations, including the Irish Companies Act, U.S. securities laws and regulations, NYSE listing requirements, the Market Abuse Regulation, the Disclosure Guidance and Transparency Rules, and other relevant legislation and regulation.

In addition, we are incorporated under Irish law, which treats interested director and officer transactions and shareholder lawsuits differently than [removed: do] [added: the] laws generally applicable to [removed: U.S. incorporated] [added: U.S.-incorporated] corporations and our shareholders may thus have more difficulty protecting their interests than would shareholders of a corporation incorporated in a jurisdiction of the United States.

As at December 31, [removed: 2023,] [added: 2024,] the Company had outstanding gross indebtedness, including overdrafts, finance lease liabilities and the impact of derivatives, of approximately [removed: $11.8] [added: $14.3] billion, compared to [removed: $9.8] [added: $11.8] billion in [removed: 2022,] [added: 2023,] and cash and cash equivalents [added: and restricted cash] of approximately [removed: $6.4] [added: $3.8] billion, compared to [removed: $5.9] [added: $6.4] billion in [removed: 2022.][added: 2023.]

The Company uses interest rate swaps to [removed: convert a portion of] [added: manage] its [removed: fixed] [added: interest] rate [removed: debt to floating rate.][added: profile.]

If the Company’s reporting currency weakens relative to the basket of foreign currencies in which Net Debt*5is denominated (including the euro, Pound Sterling, Canadian Dollar, [added: Australian Dollar,] Philippine Peso, Polish Zloty, and Swiss Franc), the Net Debt* balance would increase; the converse would apply if the Company’s reporting currency was to strengthen.

The Company holds significant cash and cash equivalents [added: and restricted cash] on deposit and derivative transactions with a variety of highly rated financial institutions which at December 31, [removed: 2023,] [added: 2024,] totaled [removed: $6.4] [added: $3.8] billion and [removed: $37] [added: $27] million, compared to [removed: $5.9] [added: $6.4] billion and [removed: $86] [added: $37] million, respectively, in [removed: 2022.][added: 2023.]

In addition, certain of the Company’s activities give rise to significant amounts receivable from counterparties at the balance sheet date; at December 31, [removed: 2023,] [added: 2024,] this balance was [removed: $4.1] [added: $4.4] billion and in [removed: 2022] [added: 2023] this balance was [removed: $3.9] [added: $4.1] billion.

*A [removed: significant] proportion of CRH’s revenues are in currencies other than its reporting currency, and adverse changes in exchange rates could negatively affect retained earnings.*

Given the geographic spread of the Company, a significant proportion of its revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities are denominated in currencies other than the Company’s reporting currency, including the euro, Pound Sterling, Canadian Dollar, [added: Australian Dollar,] Philippine Peso, Polish Zloty, and Swiss Franc.

See the discussion within 'Non-GAAP Reconciliation and Supplementary Information' on pages [removed: 38] [added: 40] to [removed: 40.][added: 42.]

Significant [removed: under performance] [added: underperformance] in any of the Company’s major reporting units or the divestiture of businesses in the future may give rise to a material write-down of goodwill.

“Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” on page [removed: 44.][added: 46.]

We make accounting estimates in relation to a wide range of matters that are relevant to our business, such as impairment of long-lived assets, [added: business combinations,] impairment of goodwill, pension and other postretirement benefits, tax matters and litigation, including self-insurance and environmental compliance costs.

In addition, under Irish law dividends may only be paid, and share repurchases and redemptions must generally be [removed: funded, only] [added: funded only,] out of distributable reserves.

*CRH faces [removed: a number of] risks associated with the relocation of our primary listing.*

[removed: On September 25, 2023, we relocated the primary listing of our ordinary shares from the LSE to the NYSE; we have maintained a standard] [added: The Company has an international secondary] listing on the LSE and accordingly our ordinary shares are now listed on both exchanges.

As a result of the relocation of [removed: our] [added: the] primary listing CRH has ceased to be eligible for inclusion in certain UK and European equity indices.

On September 25, 2023, CRH relocated the primary listing of its ordinary shares from the LSE to the NYSE.

Following the transition to the NYSE, CRH has been added to the MSCI USA Equity Index, the S&P TMI Index and the Russell 1000 Equity Index.

The Company aims to be included in other relevant equity indices for which it believes it is eligible, including the S&P 500 Index.

Inclusion is however at the discretion of the respective index providers.

There is a risk that the Company may not be admitted, which may adversely affect the price and liquidity of the ordinary shares.

However, we are currently ineligible for inclusion in certain U.S. equity indices and we may not satisfy the criteria to become eligible for consideration for inclusion in United States equity indices, including the S&P 500.

Failure to become eligible for such inclusion may adversely affect the price and liquidity of our ordinary shares.

In addition, because we are currently a “foreign private issuer”, we are exempt from provisions of the Exchange Act applicable to United States domestic companies regulating the solicitation of proxies and consents in respect of CRH’s ordinary shares, and our officers, directors and major shareholders are also exempt from compliance with the short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act.

Because of these exemptions, our shareholders currently do not have the same protections and benefit from the same level of disclosure as shareholders of United States domestic companies, which may adversely affect the price and liquidity of our ordinary shares.

Our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (MD&A) is intended to convey management’s perspective regarding operational and financial performance for fiscal years [removed: 2023, 2022] [added: 2024, 2023] and [removed: 2021.][added: 2022.]

This MD&A should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements in [removed: Part II,] Item 8.

Actual results could differ materially from those discussed in these forward-looking statements, as well as from our historical performance, due to various factors, including, but not limited to, those discussed in [added: Item 1A] “Risk Factors” and “Forward-Looking Statements – Safe Harbor Provisions Under The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act Of 1995” and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

CRH is a leading provider of building materials [removed: solutions] that build, connect and improve our world.

Since formation in 1970, CRH has evolved from being a supplier of base materials to [removed: providing end-to-end value-added solutions that solve] [added: solving] complex construction challenges for our customers.

[removed: The Company] [added: CRH] integrates essential materials (aggregates and cement), value-added building products as well as construction services, to provide our customers with complete [removed: end-to-end] solutions.

CRH’s capabilities, innovation and technical expertise enable it to be a valuable partner for transportation and critical [removed: utility] infrastructure projects, complex non-residential construction and outdoor living solutions.

CRH delivered another record performance in [removed: 2023] [added: 2024] resulting in the following performance highlights (compared to [removed: 2022] [added: 2023] and [removed: 2021):][added: 2022):]

- Total revenues increased to [removed: $34.9] [added: $35.6] billion, compared with [removed: $32.7] [added: $34.9] billion in [removed: 2022] [added: 2023] and [removed: $29.2] [added: $32.7] billion in [removed: 2021;][added: 2022;]

[removed: - Net income decreased to $3.1 billion compared with $3.9 billion in 2022, primarily due to the income] [added: Income] from discontinued operations, net of income tax [removed: expense,] [added: expense was $nil million in 2023, compared with income] of $1.2 billion [added: related to the divestiture of the Building Envelope business] in 2022.

Net income was [removed: $2.7] [added: $3.9] billion in [removed: 2021.][added: 2022.]

Adjusted EBITDA* increased to [removed: $6.2] [added: $6.9] billion in [removed: 2023] [added: 2024] from [removed: $5.4] [added: $6.2] billion in [removed: 2022.][added: 2023.]

In [removed: 2021] [added: 2022] Adjusted EBITDA* was [removed: $4.8] [added: $5.4] billion;

- Net income margin was [removed: 8.8%] [added: 9.9%] in [removed: 2023, 11.9%] [added: 2024, 8.8%] in [removed: 2022] [added: 2023] and [removed: 9.2%] [added: 11.9%] in [removed: 2021.][added: 2022.]

Adjusted EBITDA margin* was [removed: 17.7%] [added: 19.5%] in [removed: 2023,] [added: 2024,] an increase of [removed: 120] [added: 180] basis points (bps) compared with an Adjusted EBITDA margin* of [removed: 16.5%] [added: 17.7%] in [removed: 2022.][added: 2023.]

In [removed: 2021,] [added: 2022,] the Adjusted EBITDA margin* was 16.5%;

- Operating cash flow5 of $5.0 billion was [removed: ahead of 2022] [added: in line with 2023] operating cash flow of [removed: $3.8] [added: $5.0] billion and ahead of [removed: 2021] [added: 2022] operating cash flow of [removed: $4.0] [added: $3.8] billion; 6

- Return on Net Segment Assets [removed: were 14.4%] [added: was 15.3%] in [removed: 2023, 13.1%] [added: 2024, 14.4%] in [removed: 2022] [added: 2023] and [removed: 11.8%] [added: 13.1%] in [removed: 2021.][added: 2022.]

Return on Net Assets (RONA)* increased by [removed: 200bps] [added: 20bps] to [removed: 15.3%] [added: 15.5%] in [removed: 2023,] [added: 2024,] from [removed: 13.3%] [added: 15.3%] in [removed: 2022.][added: 2023.]

RONA* was [removed: 12.7%] [added: 13.3%] in [removed: 2021;] [added: 2022;] and

- Basic Earnings Per Share (EPS) from continuing operations in [removed: 2023] [added: 2024] was [removed: $4.36] [added: $5.06] compared with [removed: $3.58] [added: $4.36] in [removed: 2022] [added: 2023] and [removed: $3.12] [added: $3.58] in [removed: 2021.][added: 2022.]

[removed: Basic EPS] pre-impairment* from continuing operations was [removed: $4.65] [added: $5.48] in [removed: 2023, $3.58] [added: 2024, $4.65] in [removed: 2022] [added: 2023] and [removed: $3.12] [added: $3.58] in [removed: 2021.][added: 2022.]

- Cash paid to shareholders in [removed: 2023] [added: 2024] through dividends was [removed: $0.9] [added: $1.7] billion and through share buybacks was [removed: $3.0] [added: $1.3] billion, compared with $0.9 billion and [removed: $1.2 billion, respectively, in 2022, and $0.9 billion and $0.9 billion, respectively, in 2021;]

- Full year dividend per share increase of 5% resulting in a dividend per share of [removed: $1.33] [added: $1.40] in [removed: 2023,] [added: 2024,] from [removed: $1.27] [added: $1.33] in [removed: 2022] [added: 2023] and [removed: $1.21] [added: $1.27] in [removed: 2021;][added: 2022;]

- Ongoing share buyback program in [removed: 2023] [added: 2024] repurchased approximately [removed: 54.9] [added: 15.9] million ordinary shares for a total consideration of [removed: $3.0] [added: $1.3] billion, compared with [removed: $1.2] [added: $3.0] billion in [removed: 2022] [added: 2023] and [removed: $0.9] [added: $1.2] billion in [removed: 2021;] [added: 2022;] and

- [removed: 22] [added: 40] acquisitions completed for [added: a] total consideration of [removed: $0.7] [added: $5.0] billion in [removed: 2023,] [added: 2024,] compared with [removed: $3.3] [added: $0.7] billion in [removed: 2022] [added: 2023] and [removed: $1.5] [added: $3.3] billion in [removed: 2021.][added: 2022.]

A further [removed: $1.8] [added: $2.6] billion was invested in development and replacement capital expenditure projects in [removed: 2023,] [added: 2024,] compared with [removed: $1.5] [added: $1.8] billion and [removed: $1.6] [added: $1.5] billion in [removed: 2022] [added: 2023] and [removed: 2021,] [added: 2022,] respectively.

[removed: CRH’s differentiated solutions] [added: Our] strategy enables [removed: it] [added: CRH] to realize [removed: its] [added: our] vision to develop sustainable solutions that build, connect and improve our world.

CRH leverages its scale and best [removed: practice] [added: practices] across the Company to provide value-added materials, products and services as [removed: end-to-end] [added: construction] solutions that solve complex problems for its customers.

These solutions allow us to create further value for our customers by combining our products, materials and services which [removed: drives] [added: drive] commercial and operational benefits.

[removed: We can] [added: This connected portfolio allows us to] leverage production and logistics efficiencies to drive increased profitability and asset utilization.

We believe it also makes our business less [removed: capital-intensive] [added: capital intensive] and drives a higher rate of return delivering superior long-term value and higher growth for shareholders.

[removed: *] [added: 11*] Represents a non-GAAP measure.

See the discussion within 'Non-GAAP Reconciliation and Supplementary Information' on pages [removed: 38] [added: 40] to [removed: 40.][added: 42.]

5 Operating cash flow refers to net cash provided by operating activities as reported in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows on pages [removed: 54] [added: 56] to [removed: 55.6][added: 57.6]

CRH Form 10-K [removed: 28][added: 47]

A business optimized for [removed: industry leading] [added: industry-leading] performance

Through [added: the successful execution of] its [removed: differentiated] strategy, CRH has shaped its business to capitalize on the attractive fundamentals driving demand in [removed: high growth] [added: higher-growth] construction markets in North [removed: America] [added: America, Europe] and [removed: Europe.][added: Australia.]

[removed: *Differentiated] [added: *Customer-connected solutions] strategy:* Our differentiated strategy is focused on uniquely integrating materials, products and services across the construction value chain.

We leverage our scale, expertise and best [removed: practice] [added: practices] to provide [removed: end-to-end] [added: sustainable] solutions that solve complex problems for our customers.

CRH’s differentiated solutions strategy uniquely integrates materials, products and services across the construction value chain, better serving our customers’ needs and driving repeat business.

This customer-connected approach is making construction simpler, safer and more sustainable.

- Net income increased to $3.5 billion compared with $3.1 billion in 2023, primarily due to higher gross profit along with higher gains on disposal of

long-lived assets and divestitures.

Basic EPS

$3.0 billion, respectively, in 2023, and $0.9 billion and $1.2 billion, respectively, in 2022;

International Solutions completed nine acquisitions for a total 2024 spend of $1.2 billion, including the acquisition of a majority stake in Adbri, a market leader in cement and aggregates in Australia.

International Solutions completed nine acquisitions for a total 2023 spend of $0.3 billion.

We expect positive underlying demand across our key end-use markets in 2025, underpinned by significant public investment in critical infrastructure, combined with increased re-industrialization activity in key non-residential segments.

This backdrop is expected to support overall demand levels and further positive pricing across our business.

Our North American businesses expect continued positive momentum in infrastructure activity, supported by robust state and federal funding.

Non-residential activity continues to benefit from secular tailwinds in key growth areas.

Although the residential sector continues to be supported by strong long-term demand fundamentals, the new-build segment is expected to remain subdued while repair and remodel activity remains resilient.

In our International operations, we expect infrastructure activity to be underpinned by government and EU funding.

Non-residential construction continues to be aided by onshoring of supply chains and industrial manufacturing activity.

Residential markets are expected to stabilize with structural demand fundamentals supporting a gradual recovery.

Assuming normal seasonal weather patterns and absent any major dislocations in the political or macroeconomic environment, CRH’s leading positions of scale in attractive higher-growth markets, together with our strong and flexible balance sheet, are expected to underpin another year of growth and value creation in 2025.

Our North American businesses expect positive momentum in infrastructure activity, underpinned by robust state and federal funding, and supported by the IIJA which was signed into law in November 2021.

*International*

*International*

Having declined in 2024, construction activity is expected to grow in Eastern Europe, underpinned by improving economic fundamentals.

In the United Kingdom, construction confidence improved steadily through 2024 although sentiment remains subdued in other markets.

Non-residential activity in the Division remains supported by increased efforts to onshore manufacturing activity via government stimulus measures.

While residential construction activity continues to be supported by long-term demand fundamentals, the new-build segment is expected to remain subdued.

*International*

Our International businesses are more heavily exposed to the new-build residential sector, which is expected to gradually recover as a lower interest rate environment unfolds.

The International Solutions segment integrates building materials, product and services for the construction and renovation of public infrastructure, critical networks, commercial and residential buildings, and outdoor living spaces.

*2024 versus 2023*

Total revenues were $35.6 billion in 2024, an increase of $0.6 billion, or 2%, compared with 2023, with resilient underlying demand in key end-use markets, continued commercial progress and contributions from acquisitions partly offset by lower activity levels in certain regions due to adverse weather and divestitures.

*2024 versus 2023*

The gross profit margin of 35.7% increased 150bps from 34.2% in the prior year, driven by commercial progress, ongoing cost control and operational efficiencies.

Total cost of revenues decreased primarily as a result of an 18% decrease in energy costs due to a decline in energy prices, lower activity levels and divestitures.

These were partly offset by an increase in labor costs of 6% driven by wage inflation and increased headcount due to acquisitions.

*2024 versus 2023*

*2024 versus 2023*

The increase mainly related to the disposal of certain land assets.

*2024 versus 2023*

Loss on impairments in 2024 was $161 million, compared with $357 million in 2023, and principally related to the International Solutions segment where an impairment was recognized related to the Architectural Products reporting unit, driven by challenging market conditions.

*2024 versus 2023*

Interest income was $143 million in 2024, a decrease of $63 million compared with 2023, primarily due to lower levels of cash deposits.

Effective January 1, 2023, the Company transitioned from International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IFRS) to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (U.S. GAAP).

The accompanying MD&A, including all periods presented, has been presented and analyzed under U.S. GAAP.

CRH works closely with the customer across the entire project lifecycle from planning, design, manufacture, installation and maintenance through to end-of-life recycling, using our engineering and innovation expertise to provide superior materials, products and services.

The transaction was completed in February 2024.

In 2023, CRH also entered into an agreement to divest its lime operations in Europe for $1.1 billion.

The transaction was structured in three phases.

The first phase of the divestiture, comprising CRH’s lime operations in Germany, Czech Republic and Ireland, completed in January 2024.

The largest acquisition in 2021 was in our Americas Materials Solutions segment where the Company completed its acquisition of Angel Brother Enterprises, a vertically-integrated asphalt paving business in Texas.

In addition, Americas Materials Solutions completed a further seven acquisitions and Americas Building Solutions completed six acquisitions in the United States, for a total 2021 spend in the Americas of $1.4 billion.

The Europe Materials Solutions segment completed four acquisitions and Europe Building Solutions completed one acquisition for a total 2021 spend in Europe of $0.1 billion.

The largest divestiture in 2021 was the divestiture of the Brazilian operations by the Americas Materials Solutions segment for consideration of $0.2 billion.

A further ten divestitures were completed across CRH, realizing total proceeds of $0.3 billion.

Overall, we expect a favorable market backdrop and continued positive pricing momentum in 2024 driven by significant infrastructure investment and re-industrialization activity across our key markets in North America and Europe.

Our operations in North America are expected to benefit from increased infrastructure activity underpinned by strong federal and state funding, while investments in critical manufacturing and clean energy initiatives are expected to support key non-residential segments.

New-build residential activity is expected to remain subdued in 2024 due to ongoing affordability constraints arising from the current interest rate environment, while residential repair and remodel activity is expected to remain resilient.

In Europe, we expect to benefit from positive pricing, disciplined cost control and good underlying demand in infrastructure and key non-residential markets which are supported by government and EU funding initiatives, while residential construction activity is expected to remain subdued.

Assuming normal seasonal weather patterns and no major dislocations in the macroeconomic environment, CRH remains well positioned for another year of growth in 2024 as we continue to execute our uniquely integrated and value-added solutions strategy, supported by the strength and flexibility of our balance sheet and disciplined approach to capital allocation.

U.S. highway contract awards increased in 2023, with a high single-digit increase compared with 2022.

*Europe*

According to industry forecasts, a total of $300 billion is planned for investment in these sectors by 2027.

Construction confidence remains subdued however activity is underpinned by increased efforts to onshore manufacturing activity due to the European Chips Act.

The European businesses are more heavily exposed to the new-build residential sector, and the residential sector remains subdued with residential building permits declining.

| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

In Americas Materials Solutions, total revenues in Essential Materials and Road Solutions increased by 10% and 7%, respectively.

In Americas Building Solutions, total revenues in Building & Infrastructure Solutions increased by 6% and total revenues in Outdoor Living Solutions increased by 18%.

In Europe Building Solutions, total revenues in Building & Infrastructure Solutions decreased by 3% and total revenues in Outdoor Living Solutions increased by 4%.

*2022 versus 2021*

Total revenues were $32.7 billion, an increase of $3.5 billion, or 12%, compared with 2021, reflecting price increases offsetting lower volumes compared with the prior year.

In Americas Materials Solutions, Essential Materials total revenues increased by 9% and Road Solutions total revenues increased by 19%.

In Americas Building Solutions, total revenues in Building & Infrastructure Solutions increased by 63% and total revenues in Outdoor Living Solutions increased by 20%.

In Europe Materials Solutions, in Essential Materials, total revenues finished 1% behind 2021 while Road Solutions total revenues were flat.

In Europe Building Solutions, total revenues in Building & Infrastructure Solutions increased by 5% and total revenues in Outdoor Living Solutions decreased by 4%.9

The gross profit margin of 33.1%, decreased 50bps from 33.6% in the prior year as total cost of revenues increased in an inflationary environment.

Total cost of revenues increased primarily as a result of raw materials costs increasing by 17%, due to supply chain constraints and cost inflation.

Energy costs increased 39%, resulting from global energy cost inflation, and subcontractor costs increasing 16%, as a result of higher volumes and cost inflation.

Labor expenses included in total costs of revenues also increased by 6% due to wage inflation driven by labor shortages and increased headcount.

Loss on impairments in 2022 and 2021 were $nil.

Higher interest rates on deposits resulted in interest income of $65 million in 2022 compared with $nil interest income in 2021.

This movement was primarily driven by a loss on divestitures of $99 million in 2022 compared to a gain of $78 million in 2021, partly offset by pension-related movements of $21 million.

The increase in the effective tax rate compared with prior year was primarily due to the tax impact of divestitures during the period as well as changes in the statutory tax rate in the United Kingdom and the Philippines, and movements on provisions for uncertain tax positions.

CRH is exposed to market risks relating to fluctuations in foreign exchange [removed: risks,] [added: rates,] interest rates, and commodity prices.

The following discussion presents the sensitivity of the market value, earnings and cash flows of the Company’s financial instruments to hypothetical changes in interest and exchange rates assuming these changes occurred at December 31, [removed: 2023.][added: 2024.]

At December 31, [removed: 2022,] [added: 2024,] the Company had fixed rate debt of [removed: $7.7] [added: $10.8] billion and floating rate debt of [removed: $2.1] [added: $3.5] billion, representing [removed: 79%] [added: 76%] and [removed: 21%,] [added: 24%,] respectively, of total debt, including overdrafts, finance leases and the impact of derivatives.

The Company’s interest rate swaps at December 31, [removed: 2023 was] [added: 2024, whereby the Company swaps from fixed interest rates to floating interest rates, were] $1.4 billion, compared to [removed: $1.8] [added: $1.4] billion as of December 31, [removed: 2022.][added: 2023.]

Cash and cash equivalents [added: and restricted cash] at December 31, [removed: 2023] [added: 2024,] were [removed: $6.4] [added: $3.8] billion, compared to [removed: $5.9] [added: $6.4] billion at December 31, [removed: 2022,] [added: 2023,] which was all held on short-term deposits and investments.

At December 31, [removed: 2023,] [added: 2024,] the before-tax earnings and cash flows impact of a 100 bps increase in interest rates, including the offsetting impact of derivatives, on the variable rate cash and debt portfolio would be approximately [removed: $37] [added: $2] million favorable [removed: ($38] [added: ($37] million favorable in [removed: 2022).][added: 2023).]

Foreign Exchange Rates [removed: Risk17][added: Risk18]

Where economically feasible, the Company maintains Net Debt* in the same relative [added: currency] ratio as capital employed to act as an economic hedge of the underlying currency assets.

The U.S. Dollar equivalent gross notional amount of the Company’s foreign exchange forward contracts was [removed: $1.6] [added: $4.6] billion at December 31, [removed: 2023,] [added: 2024,] compared to [removed: $1.5] [added: $1.6] billion at December 31, [removed: 2022.][added: 2023.]

Holding all other variables constant, if there were a 10% weakening in foreign currency exchange rates versus U.S. Dollar for the portfolio, the fair market value of foreign currency contracts outstanding at December 31, [removed: 2023] [added: 2024,] would [removed: increase] [added: decrease] by approximately [removed: $2] [added: $86] million (at December 31, [removed: 2022] [added: 2023,] would increase by approximately [removed: $6] [added: $2] million), which would be largely offset by a loss on the foreign currency fluctuation of the underlying exposure being hedged.

Some of the Company’s products [removed: contain] [added: use] significant amounts of commodity-priced materials, predominantly fuel [added: and principal energy-related raw materials such as] oil, [removed: carbon credits,] [added: electricity,] coal and [removed: electricity,] [added: carbon credits,] which are subject to price changes based upon fluctuations in the commodities market.

See the discussion within 'Non-GAAP Reconciliation and Supplementary Information' on pages [removed: 38] [added: 40] to [removed: 40.17][added: 42.18]

CRH Form 10-K [removed: 47][added: 50]

The Company’s interest rate swaps at December 31, 2024, whereby the Company swaps from floating interest rates to fixed interest rates, were $0.2 billion, compared to $nil billion as at December 2023.

CRH is a leading provider of building materials [removed: solutions] that build, connect and improve our world.

In [removed: 2023,] [added: 2024,] the Company generated [removed: $34.9] [added: $35.6] billion of revenues, [removed: $3.1] [added: $3.5] billion of net income and [removed: $6.2] [added: $6.9] billion of Adjusted EBITDA*.1Since formation in 1970, CRH has evolved from being a supplier of base materials to [removed: providing end-to-end value-added solutions that solve] [added: solving] complex construction challenges for our customers.

The Company integrates essential materials (aggregates and cement), value-added building products as well as construction services, to provide our customers with complete [removed: end-to-end] [added: connected] solutions.

CRH’s capabilities, innovation and technical expertise enable it to be a valuable partner for transportation and critical [removed: utility] infrastructure projects, complex non-residential construction and outdoor living solutions.

In [removed: 2023,] [added: 2024,] approximately 35% of revenues came from infrastructure (such as highways, streets, [removed: roads, bridges,] [added: roads] and [removed: critical utility infrastructure),] [added: bridges),] 30% from non-residential construction (including construction and maintenance of [added: critical water, energy and telecommunications projects, in addition to] manufacturing, [removed: datacenter] [added: commercial, warehouse] and [removed: distribution] [added: data center] facilities) and 35% from residential construction.

[removed: 55%] [added: Approximately 60%] of revenues came from sales to new-build construction, while [removed: 45%] [added: 40%] of revenues came from repair and remodel activity.

Operating in [removed: 29] [added: 28] countries, the Company has market leadership positions in North [removed: America] [added: America, Europe] and [removed: Europe.][added: Australia.]

In [removed: 2023,] [added: 2024, approximately] 72% of net income and [removed: 73%] [added: 74%] of Adjusted EBITDA* was generated in North America.

Our [removed: European business,] [added: International businesses,] which [removed: benefits] [added: benefit] from strong economic and construction growth prospects [removed: across Central and Eastern Europe] as well as recurring repair and remodel [removed: demand in Western Europe, is] [added: demand, are] an important strategic part of the [removed: Company and CRH intends to continue to expand its operations across the region.][added: Company.]

[removed: In both geographies there is] [added: CRH intends to continue to expand its North American and International operations given] significant government support for infrastructure and increasing demand for [removed: integrated] [added: customer-connected] solutions in major infrastructure and commercial projects.

CRH has a proven track record in value creation through acquisition which over the last decade has accounted for approximately [removed: two-thirds] [added: 60%] of the Company’s growth.

In [removed: 2023,] [added: 2024,] CRH completed [removed: 22] [added: 40] acquisitions for a total consideration of [removed: $0.7] [added: $5.0] billion compared with [removed: $3.3] [added: $0.7] billion in [removed: 2022.][added: 2023.]

CRH [removed: currently maintains] [added: has] a primary listing on the [removed: NYSE] [added: New York Stock Exchange (NYSE)] and [removed: a standard] [added: an international secondary] listing on the [removed: LSE] [added: London Stock Exchange (LSE)] for its ordinary shares, each listing represented by the ticker symbol “CRH”.

[removed: Customer] [added: Customer-Connected] Solutions

CRH’s [removed: differentiated] strategy integrates building materials, products and services by providing them to customers as complete solutions that solve [removed: key] [added: complex] challenges across the built environment.

Essential Materials, consisting of aggregates and cement, are the foundation of CRH’s [removed: solutions] strategy.

Our deep materials and market knowledge, along with our extensive network of locations and assets, [removed: drives] [added: drive] our performance and helps us deliver value to our customers.

[removed: We integrate design, materials,] [added: Our] products [removed: and engineering to enable the transition to a more sustainable and resilient built environment with] [added: have] a particular focus on the below-ground built environment where we are a leading provider of multi-material infrastructure that connects and protects the critical [removed: utilities] [added: projects] that enhance the daily lives of millions of people.

See the discussion within 'Non-GAAP Reconciliation and Supplementary Information' on pages [removed: 38] [added: 40] to [removed: 40.1][added: 42.1]

CRH Form 10-K [removed: 3][added: 10]

Our ability to replicate and scale our innovation and technical expertise between [removed: Europe and North America] [added: geographies] provides us with opportunities for further growth.

CRH’s building materials solutions play an important role in shaping a more sustainable built environment [removed: and] [added: and,] in [removed: 2023,] [added: 2024,] revenues from products with enhanced sustainability attributes1 was [removed: $13.9] [added: $14.6] billion, an increase of [removed: 10%] [added: 5%] compared with [removed: 2022] [added: 2023] and an increase of [removed: 22%] [added: 16%] compared with [removed: 2021.][added: 2022.]

Our sustainability framework identifies three global challenges for society and the built [removed: environment;] [added: environment:] water, circularity and decarbonization.

[removed: Our ability to solve these challenges by] [added: By] uniquely integrating our materials, products and services, [removed: positions us] [added: we are positioned] to capture further value and accelerate growth across CRH.

Our goals include reducing our absolute carbon emissions, minimizing operational carbon from our products and creating energy-efficient solutions to facilitate [removed: the] [added: a] clean energy transition.

The North American market’s positive fundamentals, including strong population growth and significant public investment in construction, is driving demand for CRH’s [added: connected portfolio of] materials, products and services.

Over several decades, CRH has established [removed: leadership] [added: difficult to replicate, leading] positions [added: of scale] across the United States and Canada.

The Division employs approximately [removed: 46,400] [added: 47,400] people at [removed: 1,949] [added: 2,008] locations across 48 states of the United States and seven Canadian provinces.

In [removed: 2023,] [added: 2024,] this segment accounted for approximately [removed: 44%] [added: 45%] of CRH’s total revenues and [removed: 50%] [added: 54%] of Adjusted EBITDA.

New-build construction accounts for approximately [removed: 50%] [added: 60%] of segment revenues while the remaining [removed: 50%] [added: 40%] came from repair and remodel activity.

The Americas Materials Solutions segment leverages our [added: benefits of scale,] strong market knowledge, deep industry expertise and extensive array of essential materials to implement CRH’s [removed: differentiated] strategy, offering [removed: value-added, end-to-end] [added: value-added] solutions which combine different types of materials, products and services to satisfy multiple customer needs.

In turn, this enables CRH to provide a value-enhancing, [removed: one-stop-shop] [added: differentiated] experience, saving time and reducing logistical [removed: complexity] [added: challenges] for customers.

Through this [added: customer-connected] approach CRH aims to reduce lead times and complexity, deepening relationships, driving repeat business and increasing the share of customer wallet spent on CRH products and services.

Vertical integration is a defining characteristic within this segment, enabling us to optimize production throughout the [removed: value] [added: supply] chain and to capture greater value.

Americas Building Solutions manufactures, supplies and delivers [removed: high quality,] [added: high-quality,] value-added, innovative solutions for the built environment in communities across North America.

[removed: Solutions] [added: Products] in this segment are highly specified, designed and engineered thereby adding value for the customer.

This segment [removed: offers solutions serving] [added: serves] complex critical [removed: utility] infrastructure (such as water, energy, transportation and telecommunications projects) and outdoor living solutions for enhancing private and public spaces.

1 Revenues from products with enhanced sustainability attributes is defined as revenues derived from those products that incorporate any, or a combination [removed: of;] [added: of:] recycled materials; are produced using alternative energy and fuel sources; have a lower carbon footprint as compared to those products using traditional manufacturing processes; and are designed to specifically benefit the environment.

CRH Form 10-K [removed: 4][added: 11]

In [removed: 2023,] [added: 2024,] Americas Building Solutions accounted for approximately 20% of CRH’s total revenues and [removed: 23%] [added: 20%] of Adjusted EBITDA.

CRH’s differentiated solutions strategy uniquely integrates materials, products and services across the construction value chain, better serving our customers’ needs and driving repeat business while making construction simpler, safer and more sustainable.

In 2024, approximately 28% of net income and 26% of Adjusted EBITDA* was generated by our International Division.

The largest acquisition in 2024 was in our Americas Materials Solutions segment where the Company completed the acquisition of a portfolio of cement and readymixed concrete operations and assets in Texas.

The Company also completed the acquisition of a majority stake (57%) in the Australian building materials business Adbri Ltd (Adbri) within our International Solutions segment.

References to the 'Ordinary Shares' and 'Common Shares' refer to our ordinary shares of €0.32 each.

Effective as of January 1, 2025, CRH is a U.S. domestic issuer.

Our CRH Ventures platform partners with and invests strategically in construction and climate technology start-ups across the entire construction value chain, to pilot and scale cutting-edge and innovative technologies.

Our strategy focuses on transforming essential materials into value-added and innovative solutions to address these global challenges.

In 2024, we continued to enhance our capabilities to meet these challenges through investment in innovative technologies.

Two recent examples include our investment in FIDO AI, supporting the development of artificial intelligence leak detection software to accelerate our water infrastructure solutions in North America, as well as our strategic investment partnership with Sublime Systems, a U.S.-based company operating in the field of sustainable cement production.

Through these efforts, we continue to develop and deliver innovative, climate-resilient solutions for our customers.

During the fourth quarter of 2024, the Company’s segments changed to three segments across two divisions.

Refer to Note 20 “Segment information” in Item 8.

“Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” for additional information.

International Division

CRH’s International Division, which comprises one segment, International Solutions, is a leading provider of integrated building solutions primarily across Europe and Australia.

During the fourth quarter of 2024, the former Europe Materials Solutions and Europe Building Solutions segments were combined into this International Solutions segment reflecting how the business is managed.

In Eastern Europe and Australia we see higher-growth potential through strong economic activity, while in Western Europe, CRH’s businesses operate in attractive markets backed by significant public infrastructure spending and region- wide programs that support construction activity.

*International Solutions*

CRH has established itself as a leader in its markets, enabling strong value creation through commercial excellence and performance improvement initiatives, while serving growing demand across the construction value chain for innovative and value-added products and services.

CRH’s strategy of vertical integration utilizes our essential materials to produce a range of value-added building products and solutions.

This includes volumes which are used internally (e.g. aggregates supplied internally for cement production).

In addition, extreme weather events are increasing the need for more climate-resilient infrastructure.

CRH promoted our inclusion and engagement goals through a range of initiatives and developments in 2024, including the development of new toolkits, forums and supports for our Employee Resource Groups (ERGs).

Our ERGs are voluntary, employee-led groups, open to all employees including allies.

Their aim is to foster an inclusive workplace by strengthening communication, community and employee experience.

The Company also posts its proxy statements on its corporate website.

CRH works closely with the customer across the entire project lifecycle from planning, design, manufacture, installation and maintenance through to end-of-life recycling, using our engineering and innovation expertise to provide superior materials, products and services.

The largest acquisition in 2023 was in our Americas Building Solutions segment where the Company completed the acquisition of Hydro International, a leading provider of stormwater and wastewater solutions in North America and Europe.

In 2023, CRH transitioned its primary stock exchange listing from the London Stock Exchange (LSE) to the NYSE.

CRH believes that its NYSE primary listing will bring increased commercial, operational and acquisition opportunities for the Company, further accelerating its integrated solutions strategy and delivering even higher levels of profitability, cash and returns for its shareholders.

In addition, our CRH Ventures platform works in partnership with industrial leaders (such as Shell, Volvo, Caterpillar and others) and academic institutions to pilot and scale cutting-edge and innovative technologies.

In the year ended December 31, 2023, CRH was organized through four segments across two divisions.

Europe Division

CRH’s Europe Division comprises two segments: Europe Materials Solutions and Europe Building Solutions.

In Eastern Europe, we see high growth potential through strong infrastructure activity underpinned by European Union (EU) funding mechanisms.

In Western Europe, CRH’s businesses operate in markets which are more stable and developed with resilient demand for repair and remodel activity.

*Europe Materials Solutions*

The segment has extensively integrated its operations, enabling it to provide essential materials, value-added products and services and complete solutions to customers.

CRH has established itself as a market leader through this integrated approach, particularly in European regions, where the Company’s cement, readymixed concrete and aggregates operations have been integrated with its precast and concrete products businesses, enabling strong value creation through commercial excellence and performance improvement initiatives.

*Europe Building Solutions*

Europe Building Solutions combines materials, products and services to produce a wide range of architectural and infrastructural solutions for use in the building and renovation of critical utility infrastructure, commercial and residential buildings and outdoor living spaces.

This business serves the growing demand across the construction value chain for innovative and value-added products and services.

In 2023, this segment accounted for 8% of CRH’s total revenues and 5% of Adjusted EBITDA.

Approximately 40% of segment revenues came from residential construction, 35% from non-residential construction, and 25% from infrastructure.

New-build construction accounted for approximately 80% of segment revenues, with the remaining 20% from repair and remodel activity.

These quarries provide us with the raw materials to manufacture various primary building materials, such as aggregates, cement, asphalt, readymixed concrete and concrete products.

Certain government legislation designed to accelerate the energy transition has had a positive impact on our business and we see increasing opportunities as public policy changes begin to increase demand for low-carbon, sustainable products.

In particular, the $1.2 trillion Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) is the single largest long-term infrastructure investment in the history of the United States.

In 2023, CRH’s operating companies across the United States helped to deliver multiple infrastructure projects receiving funding under the IIJA.

CRH will continue to invest in solutions that strengthen circularity and resilience to climate change in the built environment.

Therefore, financial results for any particular quarter do not necessarily indicate the results expected for the full year.

First-half total revenues accounted for 46% of full-year 2023 which is in line with first-half total revenues in 2022.

Amounts stated in metric tonnes in accordance with the Global Cement and Concrete Association (GCCA) guidelines.

CRH engages in ongoing research and development.

CRH strives to ensure that its employee population reflects the communities in which it operates.

We promoted our I&D goals through a range of initiatives and developments in 2023, including continuing to establish Employee Resource Groups (ERGs) across our operating companies sponsored by senior leadership.

Our ERGs are voluntary, employee-led groups whose aim is to foster an inclusive workplace by enhancing the experience for all employees.

[removed: Having taken appropriate advice, we] [added: We do not] believe [removed: that] [added: any pending legal proceeding to which] the [removed: aggregate outcome of such proceedings] [added: Company is a party] will [removed: not] have a material effect on [removed: the Company’s] [added: our] financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.

The Company is from time to time a party to various legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business.

CRH companies are parties to various legal proceedings in the ordinary course of business, including some in which claims for damages have been asserted against the companies.

[removed: UNITED] [added: UNITED] STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE [removed: COMMISSIONWashington, D.C. 20549FORM 10-K][added: COMMISSION]

For the fiscal year ended December 31, [removed: 2023][added: 2024]

| [removed: ] [added: ] | | |

| [removed: Republic of] Ireland | | | 98-0366809 | | |

[removed: Stonemason’s] [added: Stonemason’s] Way, Rathfarnham, Dublin 16, D16 KH51, [removed: Ireland][added: Ireland]

[removed: +353] [added: +353] 1 404 [removed: 1000][added: 1000]

| Ordinary Shares of €0.32 each [removed: 6.40% notes due 2033] | | | CRH | | | New York Stock Exchange [removed: New York Stock Exchange] | | |

[removed: ☒Yes] [added: ☒ Yes] ☐ No

[removed: ☐Yes] ☒ [added: Yes ☐] No

The aggregate market value of the voting shares held by non-affiliates of the registrant, computed by reference to the closing price as reported on the New York Stock Exchange, as of the last business day of CRH plc’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter (June [removed: 30, 2023),] [added: 28, 2024),] was [removed: $40,589,313,781.][added: $51,283,330,098.]

CRH plc (together with its consolidated subsidiaries, the [removed: “Company”, “CRH”,] [added: 'Company’, 'CRH’,] the [removed: “Group”, “we”, “us”] [added: ‘Group’, ‘we’, ‘us’] or [removed: “our”),] [added: ‘our’),] a corporation organized under the laws of the Republic of Ireland, [removed: is] [added: previously determined, as of June 30, 2024 (including as] a [added: result of more than 50% of its ordinary shares being held by U.S. residents), that it will no longer qualify as a] foreign private issuer [removed: in the United States for purposes of] [added: as defined under] the [added: U.S.] Securities Exchange Act of [removed: 1934, as amended] [added: 1934] (the [removed: “Exchange Act”).][added: ‘Exchange Act’).]

| Item 1 | | | [removed: [Business](#i202aadb9b725440db801b550af414464_1903)] [added: [Business](#ibcdbecbc139b4267b93e2e586d597276_16)] | | | [removed: [3](#i202aadb9b725440db801b550af414464_1903)] [added: [6](#ibcdbecbc139b4267b93e2e586d597276_16)] | | |

| Item 1A | | | [Risk [removed: Factors](#i202aadb9b725440db801b550af414464_1884)] [added: Factors](#ibcdbecbc139b4267b93e2e586d597276_25)] | | | [removed: [10](#i202aadb9b725440db801b550af414464_1884)] [added: [13](#ibcdbecbc139b4267b93e2e586d597276_25)] | | |

| Item 1B | | | [Unresolved Staff [removed: Comments](#i202aadb9b725440db801b550af414464_1929)] [added: Comments](#ibcdbecbc139b4267b93e2e586d597276_28)] | | | [removed: [16](#i202aadb9b725440db801b550af414464_1929)] [added: [19](#ibcdbecbc139b4267b93e2e586d597276_28)] | | |

| Item 1C | | | [removed: [Cyber](#i202aadb9b725440db801b550af414464_4100)security] [added: [Cyber](#ibcdbecbc139b4267b93e2e586d597276_31)security] | | | [removed: [17](#i202aadb9b725440db801b550af414464_4100)] [added: [20](#ibcdbecbc139b4267b93e2e586d597276_31)] | | |

| Item 2 | | | [removed: [Properties](#i202aadb9b725440db801b550af414464_1949)] [added: [Properties](#ibcdbecbc139b4267b93e2e586d597276_34)] | | | [removed: [18](#i202aadb9b725440db801b550af414464_1949)] [added: [21](#ibcdbecbc139b4267b93e2e586d597276_34)] | | |

| Item 3 | | | [Legal [removed: Proceedings](#i202aadb9b725440db801b550af414464_1975)] [added: Proceedings](#ibcdbecbc139b4267b93e2e586d597276_37)] | | | [removed: [24](#i202aadb9b725440db801b550af414464_1975)] [added: [27](#ibcdbecbc139b4267b93e2e586d597276_37)] | | |

| Item 4 | | | [Mine Safety [removed: Disclosures](#i202aadb9b725440db801b550af414464_1994)] [added: Disclosures](#ibcdbecbc139b4267b93e2e586d597276_40)] | | | [removed: [24](#i202aadb9b725440db801b550af414464_1994)] [added: [27](#ibcdbecbc139b4267b93e2e586d597276_40)] | | |

| Item 5 | | | [Market for [removed: Registrants] [added: Registrant](#ibcdbecbc139b4267b93e2e586d597276_46)[’](#ibcdbecbc139b4267b93e2e586d597276_46)[s] Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity [removed: Securities](#i202aadb9b725440db801b550af414464_2057)] [added: Securities](#ibcdbecbc139b4267b93e2e586d597276_46)] | | | [removed: [25](#i202aadb9b725440db801b550af414464_2057)] [added: [28](#ibcdbecbc139b4267b93e2e586d597276_46)] | | |

| Item 6 | | | [removed: [Reserved](#i202aadb9b725440db801b550af414464_2078)] [added: [Reserved](#ibcdbecbc139b4267b93e2e586d597276_49)] | | | [removed: [27](#i202aadb9b725440db801b550af414464_2078)] [added: [30](#ibcdbecbc139b4267b93e2e586d597276_49)] | | |

| Item 7 | | | [Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of [removed: Operations](#i202aadb9b725440db801b550af414464_2097)] [added: Operations](#ibcdbecbc139b4267b93e2e586d597276_52)] | | | [removed: [28](#i202aadb9b725440db801b550af414464_2097)] [added: [31](#ibcdbecbc139b4267b93e2e586d597276_52)] | | |

| Item 7A | | | [Quantitative and Qualitative [removed: Disclosures](#i202aadb9b725440db801b550af414464_2121) [a](#i202aadb9b725440db801b550af414464_2121)[bout] [added: Disclosures](#ibcdbecbc139b4267b93e2e586d597276_91) [a](#ibcdbecbc139b4267b93e2e586d597276_91)[bout] Market [removed: Risk](#i202aadb9b725440db801b550af414464_2121)] [added: Risk](#ibcdbecbc139b4267b93e2e586d597276_91)] | | | [removed: [47](#i202aadb9b725440db801b550af414464_2121)] [added: [50](#ibcdbecbc139b4267b93e2e586d597276_91)] | | |

| Item 8 | | | [Financial Statements and Supplementary [removed: Data](#i202aadb9b725440db801b550af414464_559)] [added: Data](#ibcdbecbc139b4267b93e2e586d597276_94)] | | | [removed: [48](#i202aadb9b725440db801b550af414464_559)] [added: [51](#ibcdbecbc139b4267b93e2e586d597276_94)] | | |

| Item 9 | | | [Changes in and [removed: Disagreements](#i202aadb9b725440db801b550af414464_2170) [w](#i202aadb9b725440db801b550af414464_2170)[ith] [added: Disagreements](#ibcdbecbc139b4267b93e2e586d597276_205) [w](#ibcdbecbc139b4267b93e2e586d597276_205)[ith] Accountants on Accounting and Financial [removed: Disclosures](#i202aadb9b725440db801b550af414464_2170)] [added: Disclosure](#ibcdbecbc139b4267b93e2e586d597276_205)] | | | [removed: [100](#i202aadb9b725440db801b550af414464_2170)] [added: [99](#ibcdbecbc139b4267b93e2e586d597276_205)] | | |

| Item 9A | | | [Controls and [removed: Procedures](#i202aadb9b725440db801b550af414464_2215)] [added: Procedures](#ibcdbecbc139b4267b93e2e586d597276_208)] | | | [removed: [100](#i202aadb9b725440db801b550af414464_2215)] [added: [99](#ibcdbecbc139b4267b93e2e586d597276_208)] | | |

| Item 9C | | | [Disclosures Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent [removed: Inspections](#i202aadb9b725440db801b550af414464_2257)] [added: Inspections](#ibcdbecbc139b4267b93e2e586d597276_214)] | | | [removed: [101](#i202aadb9b725440db801b550af414464_2257)] [added: [100](#ibcdbecbc139b4267b93e2e586d597276_214)] | | |

| Item 10 | | | [Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate [removed: Governance](#i202aadb9b725440db801b550af414464_2301)] [added: Governance](#ibcdbecbc139b4267b93e2e586d597276_220)] | | | [removed: [102](#i202aadb9b725440db801b550af414464_2301)] [added: [101](#ibcdbecbc139b4267b93e2e586d597276_220)] | | |

| Item 12 | | | [Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management [removed: and](#i202aadb9b725440db801b550af414464_2347) [Related] [added: and Related] Stockholder [removed: Matters](#i202aadb9b725440db801b550af414464_2347)] [added: Matters](#ibcdbecbc139b4267b93e2e586d597276_226)] | | | [removed: [102](#i202aadb9b725440db801b550af414464_2347)] [added: [101](#ibcdbecbc139b4267b93e2e586d597276_226)] | | |

| Item 13 | | | [Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director [removed: Independence](#i202aadb9b725440db801b550af414464_2366)] [added: Independence](#ibcdbecbc139b4267b93e2e586d597276_229)] | | | [removed: [102](#i202aadb9b725440db801b550af414464_2366)] [added: [101](#ibcdbecbc139b4267b93e2e586d597276_229)] | | |

| Item 14 | | | [Principal Accountant Fees and [removed: Services](#i202aadb9b725440db801b550af414464_2385)] [added: Services](#ibcdbecbc139b4267b93e2e586d597276_232)] | | | [removed: [102](#i202aadb9b725440db801b550af414464_2385)] [added: [101](#ibcdbecbc139b4267b93e2e586d597276_232)] | | |

| Item 15 | | | [Exhibits and Financial Statement [removed: Schedules](#i202aadb9b725440db801b550af414464_2404)] [added: Schedules](#ibcdbecbc139b4267b93e2e586d597276_238)] | | | [removed: [103](#i202aadb9b725440db801b550af414464_2404)] [added: [102](#ibcdbecbc139b4267b93e2e586d597276_238)] | | |

CRH Form 10-K [removed: 1][added: 4]

[removed: Forward Looking] [added: Forward-Looking] Statements – Safe Harbor Provisions Under The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act Of 1995

In particular, the following, among other statements, are all forward-looking in nature: plans and expectations regarding customer demand, pricing, costs, underlying drivers for growth in infrastructure, residential and non-residential activity, and macroeconomic and other trends in CRH’s markets, including onshoring, regulatory trends, and investment in technology, clean energy and manufacturing; plans and expectations regarding government funding initiatives and priorities, including the timing and amount of government funding and its effects on CRH’s business; plans and expectations regarding CRH’s strategy, expansionary capital expenditures, competitive advantages, growth opportunities, innovation, research and development and acquisitions and [removed: divestments,] [added: divestitures,] including the timing for completion, tax and accounting effects and expected commercial benefits; plans and expectations regarding the outcome of pending legal proceedings and provisions for environmental and remediation costs; plans and expectations regarding the timing and amount of share buybacks and dividends, including the Board’s policy of consistent long-term dividend growth; expectations regarding taxation of U.S. holders of our shares, including applicability of Irish Dividend Withholding Tax (DWT) and Irish stamp duty; expectations regarding the Company’s income tax reserves and returns; plans and expectations regarding equity incentive plans and pension plans; plans and expectations regarding CRH’s balance sheet, capital allocation, financial capacity, accounting policies, cash flows and working capital; expectations regarding CRH’s ability to fund its long-term contractual obligations, maturing debt obligations, capital [removed: expenditures;] [added: expenditures,] and other liquidity [removed: requirements,] [added: requirements;] plans and expectations regarding the [removed: amortization of costs related to issuance of debt in 2023 and recognition of compensation expense related to the] Share Option Schemes; plans and expectations regarding [removed: the expected benefits of] CRH’s [removed: primary listing] [added: inclusion] on [removed: the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE);] [added: certain equity indices;] plans and expectations regarding the effect of existing and future laws, rules and regulations on CRH’s business; plans and expectations regarding human capital initiatives, workplace safety, sustainability and climate change, CRH’s decarbonization targets, sustainability-related initiatives and business opportunities, including investments, and the delivery of and consumer demand for sustainable solutions and products; and plans and expectations regarding the potential impact and evolving nature of risks and CRH’s management of such risks.

A number of material factors could cause actual results and developments to differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements, certain of which are beyond our control, and which include, among other factors: economic and financial conditions, including changes in interest rates, inflation, price volatility and/or labor and materials shortages; demand for infrastructure, residential and non-residential construction and our products in geographic markets in which we operate; increased competition and its impact on prices and market position; increases in energy, labor and/or other raw materials costs; adverse changes to laws and regulations, including in relation to climate change; the impact of unfavorable weather; investor and/or consumer sentiment regarding the importance of sustainable practices and products; availability of public sector funding for infrastructure programs; political uncertainty, including as a result of political and social conditions in the jurisdictions CRH operates in, or adverse political developments, including the ongoing geopolitical conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East; failure to complete or successfully integrate acquisitions or make timely [removed: divestments;] [added: divestitures;] cyber-attacks and exposure of associates, contractors, customers, suppliers and other individuals to health and safety risks, including due to product failures.

Additional factors, risks and uncertainties that could cause actual outcomes and results to be materially different from those expressed by the forward-looking statements in this report including, but not limited to, the risks and uncertainties described herein and in “Risk Factors” in Part 1, Item 1A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, [removed: 2023] [added: 2024] (the [removed: “Annual] [added: ‘Annual] Report on Form [removed: 10-K”).][added: 10-K’).]

CRH Form 10-K [removed: 2][added: 5]

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

| 5.200% Guaranteed Notes due 2029 | | | CRH/29 | | | New York Stock Exchange | | |

| 5.125% Guaranteed Notes due 2030 | | | CRH/30 | | | New York Stock Exchange | | |

| 6.400% Notes due 2033 | | | CRH/33A | | | New York Stock Exchange | | |

| 5.400% Guaranteed Notes due 2034 | | | CRH/34 | | | New York Stock Exchange | | |

| 5.500% Guaranteed Notes due 2035 | | | CRH/35 | | | New York Stock Exchange | | |

| 5.875% Guaranteed Notes due 2055 | | | CRH/55 | | | New York Stock Exchange | | |

☐ Yes ☒ No

As of February 13, 2025, the number of outstanding ordinary shares was 676,475,037 (excluding Treasury stock of 40,944,153 shares).

Documents Incorporated by Reference: Portions of CRH plc’s proxy statement to be prepared in connection with its 2025 Annual General Meeting (the 'Proxy Statement') are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

CRH plc intends to file the Proxy Statement with the SEC no later than 120 days following December 31, 2024.

Effective as of January 1, 2025, CRH is a U.S. domestic issuer.

| Item 9B | | | [Other Information](#ibcdbecbc139b4267b93e2e586d597276_211) | | | [100](#ibcdbecbc139b4267b93e2e586d597276_211) | | |

| Item 11 | | | [Executive Compensation](#ibcdbecbc139b4267b93e2e586d597276_223) | | | [101](#ibcdbecbc139b4267b93e2e586d597276_223) | | |

| Item 16 | | | [Form 10-K Summary](#ibcdbecbc139b4267b93e2e586d597276_241) | | | [103](#ibcdbecbc139b4267b93e2e586d597276_241) | | |

| [Signatures](#ibcdbecbc139b4267b93e2e586d597276_244) | | | | | | [104](#ibcdbecbc139b4267b93e2e586d597276_244) | | |

| CRH/33A | | | | | | | | |

As of February 15, 2024, the number of outstanding ordinary shares was 690,357,372.

Documents Incorporated by Reference: None.

CRH voluntarily has chosen to file annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) instead of filing on the reporting forms available to foreign private issuers.

| Item 9B | | | [Other Information](#i202aadb9b725440db801b550af414464_2238) | | | [101](#i202aadb9b725440db801b550af414464_2238) | | |

| Item 11 | | | [Executive Compensation](#i202aadb9b725440db801b550af414464_2328) | | | [102](#i202aadb9b725440db801b550af414464_2328) | | |

| Item 16 | | | [Form 10-K Summary](#i202aadb9b725440db801b550af414464_2423) | | | [104](#i202aadb9b725440db801b550af414464_2423) | | |

| [Signatures](#i202aadb9b725440db801b550af414464_1810) | | | | | | [105](#i202aadb9b725440db801b550af414464_1810) | | |

CRH Form 10-K [removed: 16][added: 19]

CRH leverages its Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) [removed: framework] [added: framework, which accords with internationally recognized standards,] to identify, assess, respond, monitor and report material cybersecurity risks facing the Company.

Under this model, Company-level management and the management of CRH’s operating [removed: subsidiaries] [added: companies] and business units share responsibility for cybersecurity management and collaborate on assessing, identifying, and managing material risks.

CRH’s operating [removed: subsidiaries] [added: companies] and business units use a variety of tools and processes to identify and manage material cybersecurity risks.

[removed: Across the Company,] CRH utilizes multiple monitoring tools and practices to identify and detect unusual activities and/or potential cybersecurity incidents, including potential system breaches, and to verify the effectiveness of protective measures.

CRH’s operating [removed: subsidiaries] [added: companies] and business units implement various risk mitigation strategies, including continuously strengthening security measures, improving incident response plans through post-incident evaluations and assessments, investing in security technologies, providing regular and focused employee training, and transferring risk through cybersecurity insurance.

At the Group level, CRH conducts a semi-annual bottom-up risk assessment focused on CRH’s operating [removed: subsidiaries] [added: companies] and business units, including cybersecurity-related risks, which evaluates the impact and likelihood of the identified cyber risks and the effectiveness of existing security measures, policies, and procedures.

CRH also requires that each operating [removed: subsidiaries] [added: company] completes a self-assessment regarding its cyber controls and risk, including user awareness training, email security protection, multi-factor authentication, system patch management, identity management, network segregation, antivirus and web protections, asset inventory, privileged access management, logging, monitoring, and incident response capabilities.

This Standard, which is supported by relevant guidelines and procedural documentation, provides a structured approach adapted to the systems of each CRH operating [removed: subsidiary] [added: company] and business unit to manage the incident response process through a series of pre-defined phases, including triage, containment, eradication, recovery, and post-incident analysis.

The Audit Committee is responsible for updating the [removed: full] Board on identified risks related to cybersecurity.

Our [removed: executive leadership team] [added: Global Leadership Team] is responsible for [added: the execution of] CRH’s strategy and governance, including implementation and review of our ERM framework, which has identified cybersecurity as a core risk for CRH.

The divisional chief information officers have in excess of [removed: 10] [added: 20] years of experience, on average, in IT-related and cybersecurity-related roles and, together with the CISO, hold a variety of recognized and specialized credentials related to cybersecurity and IT.

GIS and the CISO also review regular attestation reports that are required to be prepared by CRH’s operating [removed: subsidiaries] [added: companies] and business units regarding cybersecurity incidents that did not meet the threshold for immediate escalation.

Following cybersecurity incidents, GIS, in conjunction with members of management of CRH’s operating [removed: subsidiaries] [added: companies] and business units as necessary, conduct post-incident analysis and exercises designed to strengthen CRH’s cybersecurity practices.

The [removed: management] Risk Committee and [removed: broader executive leadership team] [added: Global Leadership Team] are briefed on the occurrence, mitigation and remediation of cybersecurity incidents on a regular basis, including ad-hoc briefings covering significant or potentially material incidents.

CRH Form 10-K [removed: 17][added: 20]

[removed: CRH’s leadership team has also identified the] [added: The] Risk Committee, which is made up of our Chief Financial Officer, Group General Counsel, Chief Operating Officer and the [added: Divisional] Presidents of CRH Americas and CRH [removed: Europe, as] [added: International, is] the executive oversight body for risk management, including cybersecurity risks and the work of the CISO, GIS and related teams.

As of February [removed: 15, 2024,] [added: 13, 2025,] we had a total of [removed: 3,390] [added: 3,816] operating locations:

| | | | Americas Materials Solutions | | | Americas Building Solutions | | | [removed: Europe Materials Solutions | | | Europe Building] [added: International] Solutions | | |

| Rest of World | | | [removed: 79 | | | 21] [added: 66] | | | [removed: 9] [added: 23] | | | [removed: 29] [added: 211] | | |

Significant building materials operating locations for [removed: the Company’s subsidiaries] [added: CRH’s subsidiaries,] as of December 31, [removed: 2023,] [added: 2024,] are the cement facilities in the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Ireland, France, Poland, Ukraine, Romania, [removed: Slovakia] [added: Slovakia, Australia] and the Philippines.

| | | | Country | | | Number of Plants | | | Average Clinker Capacity (tons per hour) | | | [removed: Property Utilization | | |]

| Americas Materials Solutions | | | | | | | | | | | | [removed: | | |]

| South | | | United States | | | [removed: 3 | | | 352] [added: 4] | | | [removed: 75%] [added: 602] | | |

| West | | | United States | | | 6 | | | 780 | | | [removed: 83% | | |]

| Great Lakes | | | United States, Canada | | | [removed: 3 | | | 437] [added: 2] | | | [removed: 79%] [added: 298] | | |

| [removed: Northeast | | |] United States | | | [removed: —] [added: 1,608] | | | [removed: —] [added: 307] | | | [removed: —] [added: 10] | | |

| Western Europe | | | United Kingdom, Ireland, France | | | 8 | | | [removed: 1,067 | | | 64%] [added: 898] | | |

| Central & Eastern Europe | | | Poland, Ukraine, Romania, Slovakia | | | [removed: 6 | | | 1,379] [added: 8] | | | [removed: 76%] [added: 1,712] | | |

| Philippines | | | Philippines | | | 5 | | | 714 | | | [removed: 69% | | |]

Our building solutions businesses have many types of manufacturing facilities including paver, masonry, precast, pipe, [removed: dry-mix] [added: dry-mix, fencing] and [added: railing and] lawn and garden plants.

These facilities include plant and equipment such as automated presses, batching systems, packaging equipment, kilns, [removed: coolers,] [added: coolers] and silos which are used to turn raw materials into finished goods for our cementitious products as well as equipment such as presses, extruders and molds which are used in the fencing, railing, plastic pipe, trench and metals and enclosure businesses.

In addition to the properties described above and those disclosed under the heading “Mineral Reserves and Resources: Background”, [removed: CRH’s principal] [added: CRH has] corporate [removed: office, which it owns, is located] [added: offices] in [added: New York, New York (leased) and] Dublin, [removed: Ireland.][added: Ireland (owned).]

The Company also leases administrative offices for each of its two Divisions, including a CRH Americas divisional headquarters in Atlanta, [removed: Georgia, United States] [added: Georgia] and a CRH [removed: Europe] [added: International] divisional headquarters in Amsterdam, Netherlands.

CRH Form 10-K [removed: 18][added: 24]

[removed: The Company’s] [added: CRH’s] mineral reserves (reserves) and mineral resources (resources) for the production of primary building materials (which encompasses aggregates [removed: (stone,] [added: (crushed stone,] sand and gravel), cement and lime, asphalt, readymixed concrete and concrete products) fall into a variety of categories spanning a wide number of rock types and geological classifications.

[removed: The] [added: As of December 31, 2024, the] Company has [removed: 1,235] [added: 1,296 mining] properties with [removed: 226,153] [added: 246,058] acres of owned and [removed: 97,046] [added: 129,818] acres of leased land, respectively, as disclosed in the table on page [removed: 22] [added: 25] the locations of which are presented by geographic location in the maps on page [removed: 23.][added: 26.]

None of CRH’s mineral-bearing properties are individually material to the Company as of December 31, [removed: 2023.][added: 2024.]

A summary disclosure of CRH’s mining operations is provided on pages [removed: 20] [added: 23] to [removed: 23.][added: 26.]

As of December 31, [removed: 2023,] [added: 2024,] the Company’s reserves and resources estimations of [removed: 25,417] [added: 26,685] million tons and [removed: 10,761] [added: 11,573] million tons, respectively, as disclosed on pages [removed: 20] [added: 23] to [removed: 21,] [added: 24,] are calculated in accordance with Subpart 1300.

The Company’s reserves and resources disclosures may not be comparable to similar disclosures disclosed in accordance with the requirements of other countries and should be read in conjunction with the disclosures that follow on pages [removed: 20] [added: 23] to [removed: 23.][added: 26.]

Reserves are defined in Subpart 1300 as [removed: “an] [added: “*an] estimate of tonnage and grade or quality of indicated and measured mineral resources that, in the opinion of the qualified person, can be the basis of an economically viable project.

More specifically, it is the economically mineable part of a measured or indicated mineral resource, which includes diluting materials and allowances for losses that may occur when the material is mined or [removed: extracted”.][added: extracted*”.]

The Company’s estimate of [removed: 25,417] [added: 26,685] million tons of reserves, as disclosed on page [removed: 20] [added: 23] analyzed by rock type (Hard rock, Sand & Gravel and Other), are of recoverable stone, sand, and gravel of suitable quality for economic extraction, based on drilling and studies by the Company’s geologists and engineers.

A mineral resource is defined in Subpart 1300 as [removed: “a] [added: “*a] concentration or occurrence of material of economic interest in or on the Earth’s crust in such form, grade or quality, and quantity that there are reasonable prospects for economic extraction.

A mineral resource is a reasonable estimate of mineralization, taking into account relevant factors such as cut-off grade, likely mining dimensions, location or continuity, that, with the assumed and justifiable technical and economic conditions, is likely to, in whole or in part, become economically [removed: extractable”.][added: extractable*”.]

There is no certainty that any of the resources disclosed on page [removed: 21] [added: 24] will be converted into reserves.

CRH has established appropriate governance processes to support the publication of our [removed: 2023] [added: 2024] reserves and resources disclosures.

These internal controls have been embedded into the local control environments and operate across the business, including controls at an operating company, divisional and [removed: Company] [added: Group] level.

CRH Form 10-K [removed: 19][added: 25]

In addition, to provide further assurance over the Company’s mineral reserves and resources reporting process, the Company’s Internal Audit function completed a limited scope review across a sample of material reporting entities on the operation of these internal controls as of December 31, [removed: 2023.][added: 2024.]

The table below presents, by segment and geographic location, the tons of proven and probable aggregates, cement and lime mineral reserves at December 31, [removed: 2023,] [added: 2024,] and the related percentages by rock type.

| [removed: Europe Materials] [added: International] Solutions | | | Western Europe (UK, IE, FR, ES, DK, FI) (iv) | | | [removed: 1,979] [added: 1,993] | | | 82% | | | 18% | | | [removed: —] [added: –] | | | | | | [removed: 1,214] [added: 1,262] | | | [removed: 92%] [added: 93%] | | | [removed: 8%] [added: 7%] | | | [removed: —] [added: –] | | | | | | [removed: 3,193] [added: 3,255] | | | 86% | | | 14% | | | [removed: —] [added: –] | | |

| Central & Eastern Europe (PL, RO, SK, CH, HU) (iv) | | | [removed: 223] [added: 267] | | | 82% | | | 18% | | | [removed: —] [added: –] | | | | | | [removed: 257] [added: 232] | | | 51% | | | 49% | | | [removed: —] [added: –] | | | | | | [removed: 480] [added: 499] | | | [removed: 66%] [added: 68%] | | | [removed: 34%] [added: 32%] | | | [removed: —] [added: –] | | | | | |

| Philippines | | | 54 | | | 100% | | | [removed: —] [added: –] | | | [removed: —] [added: –] | | | | | | 5 | | | 100% | | | [removed: —] [added: –] | | | [removed: —] [added: –] | | | | | | 59 | | | 100% | | | [removed: —] [added: –] | | | [removed: —] [added: –] | | | | | |

| Americas Materials Solutions | | | United States | | | [removed: 568] [added: 745] | | | [removed: 100%] [added: 98%] | | | [removed: —] [added: –] | | | [removed: —] [added: 2%] | | | | | | [removed: 88] [added: 272] | | | 100% | | | [removed: —] [added: –] | | | [removed: —] [added: –] | | | | | | [removed: 656] [added: 1,017] | | | [removed: 100%] [added: 98%] | | | [removed: —] [added: –] | | | [removed: —] [added: 2%] | | |

| Lime [removed: (v)] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

| | | | | | | | | | | | |

| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

| Europe | | | – | | | 4 | | | 1,587 | | |

| Total | | | 1,674 | | | 334 | | | 1,808 | | |

| | | | | | | | | | | | |

| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

| | | | | | | | | | | | |

| International Solutions | | | | | | | | | | | |

| Australia | | | Australia | | | 2 | | | 204 | | |

During 2024, CRH’s material cement kilns operated on average at 73% utilization.

| Americas Materials Solutions | | | United States | | | 8,067 | | | 76% | | | 16% | | | 8% | | | | | | 9,745 | | | 86% | | | 8% | | | 6% | | | | | | 17,812 | | | 81% | | | 12% | | | 7% | | |

| Canada | | | 456 | | | 70% | | | 30% | | | – | | | | | | 169 | | | 84% | | | 16% | | | – | | | | | | 625 | | | 74% | | | 26% | | | – | | | | | |

| Australia | | | 476 | | | 89% | | | 11% | | | – | | | | | | 227 | | | 95% | | | 5% | | | – | | | | | | 703 | | | 91% | | | 9% | | | – | | | | | |

| Subtotal | | | | | | 11,313 | | | 78% | | | 17% | | | 5% | | | | | | 11,640 | | | 86% | | | 9% | | | 5% | | | | | | 22,953 | | | 82% | | | 13% | | | 5% | | |

| International Solutions | | | Western Europe (UK, IE, FR, ES) (iv) | | | 407 | | | 96% | | | – | | | 4% | | | | | | 151 | | | 94% | | | – | | | 6% | | | | | | 558 | | | 96% | | | – | | | 4% | | |

| Central & Eastern Europe (DE, PL, RO, RS, SK, CH, UA) (iv) | | | 695 | | | 95% | | | 1% | | | 4% | | | | | | 563 | | | 85% | | | 3% | | | 12% | | | | | | 1,258 | | | 91% | | | 2% | | | 7% | | | | | |

| Australia | | | 145 | | | 100% | | | – | | | – | | | | | | 1 | | | – | | | – | | | 100% | | | | | | 146 | | | 99% | | | – | | | 1% | | | | | |

| Philippines | | | 455 | | | 69% | | | 7% | | | 24% | | | | | | 58 | | | 84% | | | – | | | 16% | | | | | | 513 | | | 70% | | | 6% | | | 24% | | | | | |

| Subtotal | | | | | | 2,606 | | | 92% | | | 2% | | | 6% | | | | | | 1,067 | | | 91% | | | 1% | | | 8% | | | | | | 3,673 | | | 92% | | | 1% | | | 7% | | |

| International Solutions | | | Australia | | | 30 | | | 30% | | | 70% | | | – | | | | | | 29 | | | 94% | | | 6% | | | – | | | | | | 59 | | | 61% | | | 39% | | | – | | |

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

| Subtotal | | | | | | 30 | | | 30% | | | 70% | | | – | | | | | | 29 | | | 94% | | | 6% | | | – | | | | | | 59 | | | 61% | | | 39% | | | – | | |

| Total | | | | | | 13,949 | | | 80% | | | 14% | | | 6% | | | | | | 12,736 | | | 86% | | | 8% | | | 6% | | | | | | 26,685 | | | 83% | | | 11% | | | 6% | | |

| Americas Materials Solutions | | | United States | | | 1,014 | | | 92% | | | 5% | | | 3% | | | | | | 1,583 | | | 82% | | | 17% | | | 1% | | | | | | 2,597 | | | 86% | | | 12% | | | 2% | | | | | | 4,333 | | | 75% | | | 23% | | | 2% | | | | | | 6,930 | | |

| Canada | | | 354 | | | 94% | | | 6% | | | – | | | | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | | | 354 | | | 94% | | | 6% | | | – | | | | | | 96 | | | 100% | | | – | | | – | | | | | | 450 | | | | | |

| International Solutions | | | Western Europe (UK, IE, FR, ES, DK, FI) (iv) | | | 331 | | | 20% | | | 80% | | | – | | | | | | 571 | | | 80% | | | 19% | | | 1% | | | | | | 902 | | | 58% | | | 42% | | | – | | | | | | 403 | | | 92% | | | 8% | | | – | | | | | | 1,305 | | |

| Central & Eastern Europe (RO, SK, CH) (iv) | | | 248 | | | 76% | | | 24% | | | – | | | | | | 52 | | | 78% | | | 22% | | | – | | | | | | 300 | | | 76% | | | 24% | | | – | | | | | | 16 | | | 14% | | | 86% | | | – | | | | | | 316 | | | | | |

| Australia | | | 26 | | | 100% | | | – | | | – | | | | | | 347 | | | 67% | | | 33 | | % | – | | | | | | 373 | | | 70% | | | 30 | | % | – | | | | | | 516 | | | 100 | | % | – | | | – | | | | | | 889 | | | | | |

| Subtotal | | | | | | 1,973 | | | 79% | | | 19% | | | 2% | | | | | | 2,553 | | | 79% | | | 20% | | | 1% | | | | | | 4,526 | | | 79% | | | 20% | | | 1% | | | | | | 5,364 | | | 78% | | | 20% | | | 2% | | | | | | 9,890 | | |

| Canada | | | 49 | | | 89% | | | – | | | 11% | | | | | | — | | | — | | | – | | | — | | | | | | 49 | | | 89% | | | – | | | 11% | | | | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | – | | | | | | 49 | | | | | |

| International Solutions | | | Western Europe (UK, IE, FR, ES) (iv) | | | 138 | | | 100% | | | – | | | – | | | | | | 62 | | | 90% | | | – | | | 10% | | | | | | 200 | | | 97% | | | – | | | 3% | | | | | | 47 | | | 95% | | | 5% | | | – | | | | | | 247 | | |

| Central & Eastern Europe (DE, RO, SK, UA) (iv) | | | 347 | | | 57% | | | – | | | 43% | | | | | | 205 | | | 71% | | | – | | | 29% | | | | | | 552 | | | 62% | | | – | | | 38% | | | | | | 115 | | | 100% | | | – | | | – | | | | | | 667 | | | | | |

| Australia | | | 2 | | | 100% | | | – | | | – | | | | | | – | | | – | | | – | | | – | | | | | | 2 | | | 100% | | | – | | | – | | | | | | 2 | | | 100% | | | – | | | – | | | | | | 4 | | | | | |

| Philippines | | | – | | | – | | | – | | | – | | | | | | – | | | – | | | – | | | – | | | | | | – | | | – | | | – | | | – | | | | | | 32 | | | 99% | | | 1% | | | – | | | | | | 32 | | | | | |

| Subtotal | | | | | | 574 | | | 72% | | | – | | | 28% | | | | | | 307 | | | 78% | | | – | | | 22% | | | | | | 881 | | | 74% | | | – | | | 26% | | | | | | 512 | | | 100% | | | – | | | – | | | | | | 1,393 | | |

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

| International Solutions | | | Australia | | | 71 | | | 82% | | | 18% | | | – | | | | | | 218 | | | 48% | | | 52% | | | – | | | | | | 289 | | | 56% | | | 44% | | | – | | | | | | 1 | | | – | | | 100% | | | – | | | | | | 290 | | |

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

| Subtotal | | | | | | 71 | | | 82% | | | 18% | | | – | | | | | | 218 | | | 48% | | | 52% | | | – | | | | | | 289 | | | 56% | | | 44% | | | – | | | | | | 1 | | | – | | | 100% | | | – | | | | | | 290 | | |

| Total | | | | | | 2,618 | | | 78% | | | 15% | | | 7% | | | | | | 3,078 | | | 77% | | | 20% | | | 3% | | | | | | 5,696 | | | 77% | | | 18% | | | 5% | | | | | | 5,877 | | | 80% | | | 18% | | | 2% | | | | | | 11,573 | | |

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

| United States | | | 1,542 | | | 303 | | | — | | | 10 | | |

| Europe | | | — | | | 4 | | | 1,201 | | | 192 | | |

| Total | | | 1,621 | | | 328 | | | 1,210 | | | 231 | | |

| Europe Materials Solutions | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

Two of our recent building solutions acquisitions, National Pipe & Plastics Inc. and Barrette Outdoor Living Inc. (Barrette), have provided CRH with strategically important manufacturing facilities serving the high-growth United States residential fencing and railing and PVC pipe infrastructure markets.

| Americas Materials Solutions | | | United States | | | 7,770 | | | 78% | | | 14% | | | 8% | | | | | | 9,573 | | | 86% | | | 8% | | | 6% | | | | | | 17,343 | | | 82% | | | 11% | | | 7% | | |

| Canada | | | 565 | | | 75% | | | 25% | | | — | | | | | | 167 | | | 89% | | | 11% | | | — | | | | | | 732 | | | 78% | | | 22% | | | — | | | | | |

| Subtotal | | | | | | 10,591 | | | 79% | | | 16% | | | 5% | | | | | | 11,216 | | | 86% | | | 9% | | | 5% | | | | | | 21,807 | | | 82% | | | 12% | | | 6% | | |

| Canada | | | 228 | | | 100% | | | — | | | — | | | | | | 24 | | | 100% | | | — | | | — | | | | | | 252 | | | 100% | | | — | | | — | | | | | |

| Europe Materials Solutions | | | Western Europe (UK, IE, FR, ES) (iv) | | | 457 | | | 97% | | | — | | | 3% | | | | | | 177 | | | 96% | | | — | | | 4% | | | | | | 634 | | | 96% | | | — | | | 4% | | |

| Central & Eastern Europe (DE, PL, RO, RS, SK, CH, UA) (iv) | | | 597 | | | 96% | | | 2% | | | 2% | | | | | | 562 | | | 89% | | | 3% | | | 8% | | | | | | 1,159 | | | 92% | | | 2% | | | 6% | | | | | |

| Philippines | | | 323 | | | 99% | | | — | | | 1% | | | | | | 214 | | | 97% | | | — | | | 3% | | | | | | 537 | | | 98% | | | — | | | 2% | | | | | |

| Subtotal | | | | | | 2,173 | | | 98% | | | — | | | 2% | | | | | | 1,065 | | | 93% | | | 1% | | | 6% | | | | | | 3,238 | | | 96% | | | 1% | | | 3% | | |

| Europe Materials Solutions | | | Western Europe (UK, IE) (iv) | | | 24 | | | 100% | | | — | | | — | | | | | | 21 | | | 100% | | | — | | | — | | | | | | 45 | | | 100% | | | — | | | — | | |

| Central & Eastern Europe (DE, PL, CZ) (iv) | | | 270 | | | 100% | | | — | | | — | | | | | | 57 | | | 100% | | | — | | | — | | | | | | 327 | | | 100% | | | — | | | — | | | | | |

| Subtotal | | | | | | 294 | | | 100% | | | — | | | — | | | | | | 78 | | | 100% | | | — | | | — | | | | | | 372 | | | 100% | | | — | | | — | | |

| Total | | | | | | 13,058 | | | 82% | | | 13% | | | 5% | | | | | | 12,359 | | | 87% | | | 8% | | | 5% | | | | | | 25,417 | | | 84% | | | 11% | | | 5% | | |

(v) At December 31, 2023, Europe Materials Solutions’ Lime operations have been classified as held for sale in the Consolidated Financial Statements (see Note 3 “Assets held for sale and discontinued operations” on page 66).

| Americas Materials Solutions | | | United States | | | 784 | | | 92% | | | 5% | | | 3% | | | | | | 1,568 | | | 84% | | | 15% | | | 1% | | | | | | 2,352 | | | 87% | | | 11% | | | 2% | | | | | | 4,049 | | | 76% | | | 22% | | | 2% | | | | | | 6,401 | | |

| Canada | | | 504 | | | 93% | | | 7% | | | — | | | | | | 30 | | | 89% | | | 11% | | | — | | | | | | 534 | | | 93% | | | 7% | | | — | | | | | | 145 | | | 100% | | | — | | | — | | | | | | 679 | | | | | |

| Europe Materials Solutions | | | Western Europe (UK, IE, FR, ES, DK, FI) (iv) | | | 364 | | | 19% | | | 81% | | | — | | | | | | 571 | | | 82% | | | 17% | | | 1% | | | | | | 935 | | | 58% | | | 42% | | | — | | | | | | 333 | | | 92% | | | 8% | | | — | | | | | | 1,268 | | |

| Central & Eastern Europe (PL, RO, SK, CH, HU) (iv) | | | 252 | | | 77% | | | 23% | | | — | | | | | | 69 | | | 78% | | | 22% | | | — | | | | | | 321 | | | 77% | | | 23% | | | — | | | | | | 46 | | | 68% | | | 32% | | | — | | | | | | 367 | | | | | |

| Philippines | | | 28 | | | 100% | | | — | | | — | | | | | | 2 | | | 100% | | | — | | | — | | | | | | 30 | | | 100% | | | — | | | — | | | | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | | | 30 | | | | | |

| Subtotal | | | | | | 1,932 | | | 77% | | | 22% | | | 1% | | | | | | 2,240 | | | 83% | | | 16% | | | 1% | | | | | | 4,172 | | | 80% | | | 19% | | | 1% | | | | | | 4,573 | | | 78% | | | 20% | | | 2% | | | | | | 8,745 | | |

| Europe Materials Solutions | | | Western Europe (UK, IE, FR, ES) (iv) | | | 144 | | | 100% | | | — | | | — | | | | | | 70 | | | 91% | | | — | | | 9% | | | | | | 214 | | | 97% | | | — | | | 3% | | | | | | 80 | | | 96% | | | 3% | | | 1% | | | | | | 294 | | |

| Central & Eastern Europe (DE, PL, RO, RS, SK, CH, UA) (iv) | | | 309 | | | 98% | | | — | | | 2% | | | | | | 117 | | | 82% | | | — | | | 18% | | | | | | 426 | | | 93% | | | — | | | 7% | | | | | | 115 | | | 100% | | | — | | | — | | | | | | 541 | | | | | |

| Subtotal | | | | | | 528 | | | 98% | | | — | | | 2% | | | | | | 220 | | | 88% | | | — | | | 12% | | | | | | 748 | | | 95% | | | — | | | 5% | | | | | | 340 | | | 99% | | | 1% | | | — | | | | | | 1,088 | | |

| Europe Materials Solutions | | | Western Europe (UK, IE) (iv) | | | 7 | | | 100% | | | — | | | — | | | | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | | | 7 | | | 100% | | | — | | | — | | | | | | 19 | | | 100% | | | — | | | — | | | | | | 26 | | |

| Central & Eastern Europe (DE, PL, CZ) (iv) | | | 541 | | | 100% | | | — | | | — | | | | | | 228 | | | 100% | | | — | | | — | | | | | | 769 | | | 100% | | | — | | | — | | | | | | 133 | | | 100% | | | — | | | — | | | | | | 902 | | | | | |

| Subtotal | | | | | | 548 | | | 100% | | | — | | | — | | | | | | 228 | | | 100% | | | — | | | — | | | | | | 776 | | | 100% | | | — | | | — | | | | | | 152 | | | 100% | | | — | | | — | | | | | | 928 | | |

| Total | | | | | | 3,008 | | | 85% | | | 14% | | | 1% | | | | | | 2,688 | | | 85% | | | 13% | | | 2% | | | | | | 5,696 | | | 85% | | | 13% | | | 2% | | | | | | 5,065 | | | 80% | | | 18% | | | 2% | | | | | | 10,761 | | |

| Europe Materials Solutions | | | Western Europe (UK, IE, FR, ES, DK, FI) (iii) | | | 398 | | | | | | 39,381 | | | | | | 24,224 | | | | | | 87.8 | | | | | | 85.8 | | | | | | 79.6 | | | | | | 38 | | |

| Subtotal | | | | | | 1,161 | | | | | | 189,361 | | | | | | 91,283 | | | | | | 313.7 | | | | | | 320.8 | | | | | | 322.4 | | | | | | | | |

| Subtotal | | | | | | 62 | | | | | | 33,926 | | | | | | 5,707 | | | | | | 60.8 | | | | | | 50.2 | | | | | | 55.0 | | | | | | | | |

| Europe Materials Solutions | | | Western Europe (UK, IE) (iii) | | | 2 | | | | | | 662 | | | | | | 7 | | | | | | 1.8 | | | | | | 1.5 | | | | | | 1.6 | | | | | | 27 | | |

| Central & Eastern Europe (DE, PL, CZ) (iii) | | | 10 | | | | | | 2,204 | | | | | | 49 | | | | | | 8.2 | | | | | | 8.2 | | | | | | 5.8 | | | | | | 45 | | | | | |

| Subtotal | | | | | | 12 | | | | | | 2,866 | | | | | | 56 | | | | | | 10.0 | | | | | | 9.7 | | | | | | 7.4 | | | | | | | | |

| Total | | | | | | 1,235 | | | | | | 226,153 | | | | | | 97,046 | | | | | | 384.5 | | | | | | 380.7 | | | | | | 384.8 | | | | | | | | |

CRH Form 10-K [removed: 24][added: 27]

CRH has a primary listing on the NYSE and [removed: a standard] [added: an international secondary] listing on the LSE of its [removed: Ordinary Shares,] [added: ordinary shares,] each represented by the ticker symbol [removed: CRH.][added: ‘CRH’.]

As of February [removed: 15, 2024,] [added: 13, 2025,] there were approximately [removed: 16,000] [added: 15,000] holders of record of our [removed: Ordinary Shares.][added: ordinary shares.]

Irish Taxation of [removed: US] [added: U.S.] Holders

Withholding Tax on Dividends: Dividends on our [removed: Ordinary Shares] [added: ordinary shares] would generally be subject to Irish [removed: Dividend] DWT at the rate of 25%, unless an exemption applies.

Income Tax on Dividends: A shareholder who is neither resident nor ordinarily resident in Ireland and who is entitled to an exemption from DWT generally has no liability for Irish income tax or for the Irish universal social charge on [removed: a dividend from us,] [added: CRH dividends,] unless he or she holds his or her ordinary shares through a branch or agency in Ireland which carries out a trade on his or her behalf.

CRH has paid dividends on its [removed: Ordinary Shares in respect of] [added: ordinary shares] each fiscal year since the formation of the Company in 1970.

The Board continues to believe that a policy of consistent long-term dividend growth is appropriate for the [removed: Company and following the 5% dividend increase in 2022, the total dividend was increased by a further 5% in 2023 to $1.33 per share (2022: $1.27).][added: Company.]

It is proposed to pay a quarterly dividend of [removed: $0.35] [added: $0.37] per share on April [removed: 17, 2024,] [added: 16, 2025] to shareholders registered at the close of business on March [removed: 15, 2024.][added: 14, 2025 in respect of the first quarter of 2025.]

CRH Form 10-K [removed: 25][added: 28]

The performance graph below compares the five-year cumulative total shareholder return of our [removed: Ordinary Shares] [added: ordinary shares] from December 31, [removed: 2018] [added: 2019,] to December 31, [removed: 2023] [added: 2024,] with the cumulative total return for the same period of the S&P 500 Index and the S&P 500 Materials Index.

The share price performance graph is not [removed: necessarily] indicative of future share price performance.

[removed: ][added: ]

| Comparative Total Return [removed: | | | 2018] [added: ($)] | | | 2019 | | | 2020 | | | 2021 | | | 2022 | | | 2023 | | | [added: 2024 | | |]

It is not being filed for purposes of Section 18 of the [removed: Securities] Exchange [removed: Act of 1934, as amended,] [added: Act,] and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the Company, whether made before or after the date hereof, regardless of any general incorporation language in such filing.

CRH Form 10-K [removed: 26][added: 29]

In [removed: 2023,] the [added: fourth quarter of 2024, the] Company returned a further [removed: $3.0] [added: $0.3] billion of cash to shareholders through the repurchase of [removed: 54,900,928 Ordinary Shares] [added: 2,672,603 ordinary shares] (equivalent to [removed: 7.47%] [added: 0.4%] of the Company’s issued share capital).

This brought total cash returned to shareholders under the Program to [removed: $7.1] [added: $8.4] billion since its commencement in May 2018.

The purchases in [removed: 2023] [added: the fourth quarter of 2024] were completed under the following tranches:

| Date Announced | | | [added: | | |] Max Amount to be Repurchased (in $ millions) | | | [added: Expiry] Date [removed: Expired] | | |

In line with this dividend growth strategy, and our strong financial position, the Board approved dividends totaling $1.40 per share in respect of 2024, a 5% increase on the prior year (2023: $1.33), broken into quarterly dividends of $0.35 per share being paid on April 17, 2024, June 26, 2024, September 25, 2024, and December 18, 2024, respectively.

| CRH plc | | | 100.00 | | | 109.10 | | | 138.65 | | | 107.72 | | | 195.14 | | | 265.20 | | |

| S&P 500 | | | 100.00 | | | 118.39 | | | 152.34 | | | 124.73 | | | 157.48 | | | 196.85 | | |

| S&P 500 Materials | | | 100.00 | | | 120.73 | | | 153.67 | | | 134.80 | | | 151.71 | | | 151.66 | | |

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

| October 1 – October 31, 2024 | | | 1,073,950 | | | $91.62 | | | 1,073,950 | | | 51,818,930 | | |

| November 1 – November 30, 2024 | | | 796,638 | | | $99.93 | | | 796,638 | | | 49,385,302 | | |

| December 1 – December 31, 2024 | | | 802,015 | | | $97.82 | | | 802,015 | | | 48,583,287 | | |

| Total | | | 2,672,603 | | | | | | 2,672,603 | | | | | |

| | | | | | | | | | | | |

| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

| | | | | | | | | | | | |

| | | | | | | | | | | | |

| | | | | | | | | | | | |

| August 8, 2024 | | | (Tranche 22) | | | 300 | | | November 6, 2024 | | |

| November 7, 2024 | | | (Tranche 23) | | | 300 | | | February 26, 2025 | | |

An interim dividend of $0.25 (2022: $0.24) per share was paid in November 2023.

In addition, in order to facilitate CRH's planned move to a quarterly dividend cadence in 2024 following CRH’s transition of its primary listing to the United States in September 2023, a second interim dividend of $1.08 was paid in January 2024 in place of the usual final dividend recommended by the Board for approval at CRH’s Annual General Meeting (2022: $1.03).

| CRH plc | | | 100.00 | | | 157.01 | | | 171.30 | | | 217.69 | | | 169.13 | | | 306.38 | | |

| S&P 500 | | | 100.00 | | | 131.47 | | | 155.65 | | | 200.29 | | | 163.98 | | | 207.04 | | |

| S&P 500 Materials | | | 100.00 | | | 124.58 | | | 150.40 | | | 191.44 | | | 167.94 | | | 189.01 | | |

| January 1 – January 31, 2023 | | | 466,100 | | | $44.24 | | | 466,100 | | | 47,118,018 | | |

| February 1 – February 28, 2023 | | | 1,764,659 | | | $46.94 | | | 1,764,659 | | | 45,353,359 | | |

| March 1 – March 31, 2023 | | | 3,416,191 | | | $49.70 | | | 3,410,693 | | | 41,942,666 | | |

| April 1 – April 30, 2023 | | | 5,066,701 | | | $48.88 | | | 4,974,969 | | | 45,025,031 | | |

| May 1 – May 31, 2023 | | | 5,553,335 | | | $48.68 | | | 5,553,335 | | | 39,471,696 | | |

| June 1 – June 30, 2023 | | | 3,691,162 | | | $51.37 | | | 3,691,162 | | | 35,780,534 | | |

| July 1 – July 31, 2023 | | | 5,845,968 | | | $56.99 | | | 5,845,968 | | | 45,763,528 | | |

| August 1 – August 31, 2023 | | | 7,429,937 | | | $57.79 | | | 7,429,937 | | | 38,333,591 | | |

| September 1 – September 30, 2023 | | | 5,558,235 | | | $55.13 | | | 5,558,235 | | | 32,775,356 | | |

| October 1 – October 31, 2023 | | | 5,048,800 | | | $55.01 | | | 5,048,800 | | | 29,951,200 | | |

| November 1 – November 30, 2023 | | | 6,951,106 | | | $59.71 | | | 6,951,106 | | | 23,000,094 | | |

| December 1 – December 31, 2023 | | | 5,080,964 | | | $66.04 | | | 4,205,964 | | | 18,794,130 | | |

| Total | | | 55,873,158 | | | | | | 54,900,928 | | | | | |

| | | | | | | | | |

| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

| December 19, 2022 | | | 300 | | | March 30, 2023 | | |

| March 31, 2023 | | | 750 | | | June 29, 2023 | | |

| June 30, 2023 | | | 1,000 | | | September 22, 2023 | | |

| September 25, 2023 | | | 1,000 | | | December 20, 2023 | | |

| December 21, 2023 | | | 300 | | | February 28, 2024 | | |

CRH Form 10-K [removed: 27][added: 30]

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of CRH plc and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, [removed: 2023] [added: 2024,] and [removed: 2022,] [added: 2023,] the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows, for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, [removed: 2023,] [added: 2024,] and the related notes (collectively referred to as the financial statements).

In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, [removed: 2023] [added: 2024,] and [removed: 2022,] [added: 2023,] and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, [removed: 2023,] [added: 2024,] in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, [removed: 2023,] [added: 2024,] based on criteria established in [removed: Internal] [added: *Internal] Control — Integrated Framework [removed: (2013)] [added: (2013)*] issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February [removed: 29, 2024,] [added: 26, 2025,] expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

[removed: Performing audit procedures to evaluate the reasonableness of management’s key assumptions] [added: This] required a high degree of auditor judgment and an increased extent of effort, including the need to involve our [added: valuation specialists when performing audit procedures to determine the] fair value [removed: specialists.][added: of acquired Property, plant and equipment under the replacement cost approach.]

The Company recognizes long-term contract revenue over the contract term as the work progresses because transfer of control and the [removed: fulfilment] [added: fulfillment] of performance obligations to the customer is continuous.

We identified revenue recognition for [added: certain] long-term contracts, measured on a percentage of completion basis and in-progress at the balance sheet date [removed: (certain long-term contracts)] as a critical audit matter because of the judgments made by management in estimating total forecasted costs of the contracts.

Our audit procedures related to management’s recognition of revenue for certain long-term [removed: contracts] [added: contracts, measured on a percentage of completion basis and in-progress] at the balance sheet date included the following, among others:

–evaluated management's ability to estimate total [added: forecasted] costs accurately by:

◦comparing costs incurred to date to the costs management [removed: estimated] [added: estimated,] at either the inception of the contract or the start of the reporting [removed: period, to be incurred to date;][added: period;]

–tested the mathematical accuracy of management’s calculation of [removed: revenue] [added: revenue, measured on a percentage of completion basis,] for the performance obligation.

| For the years ended December 31 | | | [removed: 2023] [added: 2024] | | | [removed: 2022] [added: 2023] | | | [removed: 2021] [added: 2022] | | |

| Product revenues | | | [removed: 26,156] [added: 26,699] | | | [removed: 24,519] [added: 26,156] | | | [removed: 22,187] [added: 24,519] | | |

| Service revenues | | | [removed: 8,793] [added: 8,873] | | | [removed: 8,204] [added: 8,793] | | | [removed: 7,019] [added: 8,204] | | |

| Total revenues | | | [removed: 34,949] [added: 35,572] | | | [removed: 32,723] [added: 34,949] | | | [removed: 29,206] [added: 32,723] | | |

| Cost of product revenues | | | [removed: (14,741)] [added: (14,651)] | | | [removed: (14,123)] [added: (14,741)] | | | [removed: (12,817)] [added: (14,123)] | | |

| Cost of service revenues | | | [removed: (8,245)] [added: (8,220)] | | | [removed: (7,785)] [added: (8,245)] | | | [removed: (6,562)] [added: (7,785)] | | |

| Total cost of revenues | | | [removed: (22,986)] [added: (22,871)] | | | [removed: (21,908)] [added: (22,986)] | | | [removed: (19,379)] [added: (21,908)] | | |

| Gross profit | | | [removed: 11,963] [added: 12,701] | | | [removed: 10,815] [added: 11,963] | | | [removed: 9,827] [added: 10,815] | | |

| Selling, general and administrative expenses | | | [removed: (7,486)] [added: (7,852)] | | | [removed: (7,056)] [added: (7,486)] | | | [removed: (6,538)] [added: (7,056)] | | |

| Gain on disposal of long-lived assets | | | [removed: 66] [added: 237] | | | [removed: 50] [added: 66] | | | [removed: 38] [added: 50] | | |

| Loss on impairments | | | [removed: (357)] [added: (161)] | | | [removed: –] [added: (357)] | | | – | | |

| Operating income | | | [removed: 4,186] [added: 4,925] | | | [removed: 3,809] [added: 4,186] | | | [removed: 3,327] [added: 3,809] | | |

| Interest income | | | [removed: 206] [added: 143] | | | [removed: 65] [added: 206] | | | [removed: –] [added: 65] | | |

| Interest expense | | | [removed: (376)] [added: (612)] | | | [removed: (344)] [added: (376)] | | | [removed: (315)] [added: (344)] | | |

| Other nonoperating [removed: (expense) income,] [added: expense (income),] net | | | [removed: (2)] [added: 9] | | | [removed: (69)] [added: (7)] | | | [removed: 90] [added: 8] | | |

| Income from continuing operations before income tax expense and income from equity method investments | | | [removed: 4,014] [added: 4,714] | | | [removed: 3,461] [added: 4,014] | | | [removed: 3,102] [added: 3,461] | | |

| Income tax expense | | | [removed: (925)] [added: (1,085)] | | | [removed: (762)] [added: (925)] | | | [removed: (650)] [added: (762)] | | |

| [removed: (Loss) income] [added: Loss] from equity method investments | | | [removed: (17)] [added: (108)] | | | [removed: –] [added: (17)] | | | [removed: 55] [added: –] | | |

| Income from continuing operations | | | [removed: 3,072] [added: 3,521] | | | [removed: 2,699] [added: 3,072] | | | [removed: 2,507] [added: 2,699] | | |

| Income from discontinued operations, net of income tax expense | | | – | | | [removed: 1,190] [added: –] | | | [removed: 179] [added: 1,190] | | |

| Net income | | | [removed: 3,072] [added: 3,521] | | | [removed: 3,889] [added: 3,072] | | | [removed: 2,686] [added: 3,889] | | |

| Net (income) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests | | | (28) | | | [removed: (27)] [added: (28)] | | | [removed: (22)] [added: (27)] | | |

| Net [removed: loss] (income) [added: loss] attributable to noncontrolling interests | | | [removed: 134] [added: (1)] | | | [removed: –] [added: 134] | | | [removed: (34)] [added: –] | | |

| Net income attributable to CRH [removed: plc] | | | [removed: 3,178] [added: 3,492] | | | [removed: 3,862] [added: 3,178] | | | [removed: 2,630] [added: 3,862] | | |

| Basic earnings per share attributable to CRH [removed: plc] | | | | | | | | | | | |

| Continuing operations | | | [removed: $4.36] [added: $5.06] | | | [removed: $3.58] [added: $4.36] | | | [removed: $3.12] [added: $3.58] | | |

| Discontinued operations | | | – | | | [removed: $1.57] [added: –] | | | [removed: $0.23] [added: $1.57] | | |

| Net income | | | [removed: $4.36] [added: $5.06] | | | [removed: $5.15] [added: $4.36] | | | [removed: $3.35] [added: $5.15] | | |

| Diluted earnings per share attributable to CRH [removed: plc] | | | | | | | | | | | |

| Continuing operations | | | [removed: $4.33] [added: $5.02] | | | [removed: $3.55] [added: $4.33] | | | [removed: $3.09] [added: $3.55] | | |

Acquisitions - Valuation of Property, plant and equipment related to the Hunter and Adbri acquisitions - Refer to Notes 1 and 4 to the financial statements

On February 9, 2024, the Company wholly acquired a portfolio of cement and readymixed concrete operations and assets in Texas, United States for a total cash consideration, net of cash acquired, of $2,106 million (the ‘Hunter’ acquisition), and on July 1, 2024, it acquired 57% of the issued share capital of Adbri, a materials business in Australia, for a total cash consideration, net of cash acquired, of $787 million (the ‘Adbri’ acquisition).

The Company accounted for these acquisitions as business combinations.

Accordingly, the purchase price was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values at the date of acquisition.

These acquisitions included Property, plant and equipment of $1,069 million and $1,364 million respectively.

We identified the valuation of Property, plant and equipment as a critical audit matter because of the estimates made by management to determine the fair value of these assets for purposes of recording the acquisitions.

This included estimating the useful lives based on management’s historical experience and expectations as to the period of time over which the assets will be used and estimating the cost to replace or reproduce comparable assets adjusted for the remaining useful lives.

Our audit procedures related to the fair value of Property, plant and equipment acquired as part of the acquisitions included the following, among others:

- We tested the effectiveness of controls over the purchase price allocation, including management's controls over the assumptions used in the replacement cost approach for Property, plant and equipment and the review of the work of management's third-party specialists.

- We evaluated the underlying terms of the purchase agreements, in order to corroborate our understanding of the substance of the acquisition obtained through inquiry with the Company's management, as well as to assess the completeness of the assets acquired.

- We evaluated the competency, capabilities and objectivity of the third-party specialists engaged by management to perform the valuations.

- We read the third-party valuation reports and, with the assistance of our valuation specialists, we evaluated the appropriateness of the Company's methodology used to estimate the cost to replace or reproduce comparable assets adjusted for the remaining useful lives.

February 26, 2025

| For the years ended December 31 | | | 2024 | | | 2023 | | | 2022 | | |

| Net income | | | 3,521 | | | 3,072 | | | 3,889 | | |

| Cash and cash equivalents | | | 3,720 | | | 6,341 | | |

| Restricted cash | | | 39 | | | – | | |

| Equity method investments | | | 737 | | | 620 | | |

| For the years ended December 31 | | | 2024 | | | 2023 | | | 2022 | | |

| Net income | | | 3,521 | | | 3,072 | | | 3,889 | | |

| Proceeds from divestitures | | | 1,001 | | | – | | | 3,712 | | |

| For the years ended December 31 | | | 2024 | | | 2023 | | | 2022 | | |

| Restricted cash presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets | | | 39 | | | – | | | – | | |

(in $ millions, except share and per share data)

(in $ millions, except share and per share data)

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

| | | | Preferred stock | | | | | | Common stock | | | | | | Treasury stock | | | | | | Additional Paid-in Capital | | | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | | | Retained Earnings | | | Total Shareholders' Equity Attributable to CRH Shareholders | | | Noncontrolling Interests | | | Total Equity | | |

(in $ millions, except share and per share data)

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

| | | | Preferred stock | | | | | | Common stock | | | | | | Treasury stock | | | | | | Additional Paid-in Capital | | | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | | | Retained Earnings | | | Total Shareholders' Equity Attributable to CRH Shareholders | | | Noncontrolling Interests | | | Total Equity | | |

| Balance at December 31, 2023 | | | 0.9 | | | $1 | | | 734.5 | | | $296 | | | (42.4) | | | ($2,199) | | | $454 | | | ($616) | | | $22,918 | | | $20,854 | | | $434 | | | $21,288 | | |

| Net income | | | – | | | – | | | – | | | – | | | – | | | – | | | – | | | – | | | 3,492 | | | 3,492 | | | 1 | | | 3,493 | | |

| Repurchases and retirement of common stock | | | – | | | – | | | (15.9) | | | (6) | | | – | | | – | | | – | | | – | | | (1,296) | | | (1,302) | | | – | | | (1,302) | | |

| Divestiture of noncontrolling interests | | | – | | | – | | | – | | | – | | | – | | | – | | | – | | | – | | | – | | | – | | | (19) | | | (19) | | |

| Noncontrolling interests arising on acquisition | | | – | | | – | | | – | | | – | | | – | | | – | | | – | | | – | | | – | | | – | | | 507 | | | 507 | | |

| Transactions involving noncontrolling interests | | | – | | | – | | | – | | | – | | | – | | | – | | | – | | | – | | | – | | | – | | | 19 | | | 19 | | |

| Balance at December 31, 2024 | | | 0.9 | | | $1 | | | 718.6 | | | $290 | | | (41.4) | | | ($2,137) | | | $422 | | | ($1,005) | | | $24,036 | | | $21,607 | | | $859 | | | $22,466 | | |